enzyme quiz Flashcards
Understand: Enzymes and appropriate vocabulary Effect of environmental variables (temp., pH, substrate and enzyme concentration) on enzyme activity
proteins that act as catalysts
enzymes
substances that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction
catalysts
2 things enzymes do
breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules and building up of large molecules from small molecules
cells can’t function without…
enzymes
enzymes work due to their…
shape
reactant of an enzyme-catalzed reaction
substrate
location of the enzyme where the reaction takes place
active site
do enzymes change at all during the process of reaction?
no
why is it helpful to organusm that enzymes are reusable?
We don’t have to take more energy and time to make more. It’s efficient
What happens after an enzyme breaks down a substrate molecule?
It detaches from that molecule and connects to an intact substrate. It’s reusable
enzymes usually end in which three letters?
-ase
what does the prefix of the enzyme tell you?
What substrate it works best with
What happens when you alter the pH the enzyme is concentrated in?
it denatures. It unfolds, gets loose, and cannot connect to substrates.
Why is it important to maintain a stable pH?
So that enzymes can maintain their shape, enabling cells to function.
what four environmental variables will affect enzyme activity?
temperature, pH levels, concentration of substrate and concentration of enzymes.
how does temperature affect enzyme activity? (cold, warm, and very hot)
cold temperatures slow down the molecules, causing longer reaction times and slowing the rate at which molecules either break down or build up. Warm temperatures speed up the molecules, so it takes less time for the enzymes to bump into each other. This increases the rate slightly and temporarily. Very hot temperatures denature the enzyme so that it no longer can connect to the substrate.
How does a higher substrate concentration affect enzyme activity?
It temporarily increases the rate at which enzymes break down molecules because they’re more likely to bump into a substrate that isn’t already attached to an enzyme.
How does a higher enzyme concentration affect enzyme activity?
It temporarily increases the rate at which enzymes break down molecules because there are more enzymes to connect to less substrates. Eventually the rate will drop drastically, more suddenly than in a higher substrate concentration.
