Enzyme and ATP & ADP Test

Question 1

What is the function of ATP in living things?

Answer 1

provides energy for the cells

Question 2

what tp in atp stand for?

Answer 2

tri (3) phosphates

Question 3

what bond of the atp molecule is broken in order to release energy?

Answer 3

the third phosphate (end)

Question 4

what are the parts of the atp molecule?

Answer 4

adenine, ribose, & phosphate groups

Question 5

where is the energy stored in the atp molecules?

Answer 5

in the phosphate bonds

Question 6

how does an enzyme speed up a reaction?

Answer 6

raising the activation energy

Question 7

what type of reaction occurs when the energy moves out?

Answer 7

exothermic

Question 8

what type of reaction occurs when the energy moves in?

Answer 8

endothermic

Question 9

which macromolecule does your body use first to make atp for you body’s cells?

Answer 9

carbohydrates

Question 10

what is it called when a cell takes in a liquid?

Answer 10

pinocytosis

Question 11

what is it called when a cell takes in a solid?

Answer 11

phagocytosis

Question 12

define turgor pressure.

Answer 12

pressure in a plant cell, when the vacuole is filled with water

Question 13

what is semi-permeable?

Answer 13

only some things go in and out

Question 14

what is the purpose of a catalyst?

Answer 14

substrate that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Question 15

what are the 4 themes of biology?

Answer 15

structures & function, evolution, homeostasis, systems

Question 16

what are the 4 characteristics of living?

Answer 16

reproduce, made up of cells, adapt to change, ability to metabolize

Question 17

what are the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 17

protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid

Question 18

what are the monomers to each of the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 18

protein: amino acids
carbohydrates: monosaccharides
lipids: fatty acids
nucleic acid: nucleotides

Question 19

what are the polymers to each of the 4 macromolecules?

Answer 19

protein: polypeptide
carbohydrates: polysaccharides
lipids: phospholipids
nucleic acid: DNA

Question 20

what are the 4 structures that EVERY cell has?

Answer 20

DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, & membrane

Question 21

what is the difference between adapt & evolution?

Answer 21

evolution is genetic change over time, adaptation is how something changes to suit its environment

Question 22

how is atp made?

Answer 22

cellular respiration

Question 23

Which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids seperate?

Answer 23

anaphase

Question 24

What and when is cytokinesis?

Answer 24

The division of cells, at the very end

Question 25

What does concentration gradient result from?

Answer 25

unequal distributions of concentration

Question 26

What are the three types of solutions in osmosis?

Answer 26

isotonic, hypertonic, & hypotonic

Question 27

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

Answer 27

diffusion, osmosis, & facilitated diffusion

Question 28

what organelles are only in plants?

Answer 28

chloroplast, central vacuole, & cell wall

Question 29

what organelles are only in animals?

Answer 29

lysosomes, centrioles, cilia & flagella

Question 30

what organelles are in every cell?

Answer 30

DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

Question 31

what are all of the organelles?

Answer 31

cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, nucleolus, DNA, rough er, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, centrioles, smooth er, mitochondria, lysosomes, cilia, flagella, vacuole, cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast

Question 32

which osmosis solution moves out?

Answer 32

hypertonic solution

Question 33

how does adp turn back into atp?

Answer 33

cellular respiration

Question 34

what part of the atp/adp cycle is exothermic?

Answer 34

when it loses a phosphate

Question 35

what macromolecule provides short-term energy?

Answer 35

lipids

Question 36

who gets energy from non-living things?

Answer 36

producers

Question 37

where is the main source of energy?

Answer 37

the sun

Question 38

how can molecules move with no energy?

Answer 38

concentration gradient

Question 39

describe a prokaryotic cell

Answer 39

unicellular, has no nucleus, & no nuclear membrane

Question 40

describe a eukaryotic cell

Answer 40

has membrane bound organelles, has a nucleus, could be every cell except bacteria

Question 41

how does a prokaryotic cell divide?

Answer 41

binary fission

Question 42

how does a eukaryotic cell divide?

Answer 42

mitosis

Question 43

what are the reasons that a cell goes through mitosis?

Answer 43

repair, grow, DNA gives signal external or internally

Question 44

3 parts of a cell theory

Answer 44

living things, basic unit, & comes from other cells

Question 45

what are the visible organelles in a cell?

Answer 45

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, & cell wall

Question 46

what are the phases in the cell cycle?

Answer 46

interphase, mitosis & cytokinesis

Question 47

when do chromosomes replicate?

Answer 47

S phase/ interphase

Question 48

list all of the phases of cell cycle and subphases?

Answer 48

interphase- G1, G2, S, mitosis- PMAT, cytokinesis

Question 49

what happens in the prophase of mitosis?

Answer 49

nuclear membrane clears, spindles appear, centrioles move to poles

Question 50

what happens in the metaphase of mitosis?

Answer 50

spindle fibers attach to centromeres, sister chromatids line up in the middle

Question 51

what happens in the anaphase of mitosis?

Answer 51

cleavage furrow appears, sisters chromatids detach and become chromosomes

Question 52

what is an autotroph?

Answer 52

an organism that can produce its own food

Question 53

what is a heterotroph?

Answer 53

an organism that eats plants or other animals for nutrients

Question 54

what are the two ways that producers can get their energy?

Answer 54

photosynthesis & chemosynthesis

Question 55

what are the 4 types of consumers?

Answer 55

herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, & detrivores

Question 56

what does an herbivore eat?

Answer 56

vegetation

Question 57

what does an omnivore eat?

Answer 57

meat and vegetation

Question 58

what does a carnivore eat?

Answer 58

meat

Question 59

what does a detrivore eat?

Answer 59

decomposers, dead stuff

Question 60

what is a catalyst?

Answer 60

speed up reactions

Question 61

what is denaturalization?

Answer 61

when an enzymes active site gets deformed and loses its specific shape