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Enzyme and ATP & ADP Test Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of ATP in living things?

A

provides energy for the cells

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2
Q

what tp in atp stand for?

A

tri (3) phosphates

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3
Q

what bond of the atp molecule is broken in order to release energy?

A

the third phosphate (end)

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4
Q

what are the parts of the atp molecule?

A

adenine, ribose, & phosphate groups

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5
Q

where is the energy stored in the atp molecules?

A

in the phosphate bonds

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6
Q

how does an enzyme speed up a reaction?

A

raising the activation energy

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7
Q

what type of reaction occurs when the energy moves out?

A

exothermic

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8
Q

what type of reaction occurs when the energy moves in?

A

endothermic

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9
Q

which macromolecule does your body use first to make atp for you body’s cells?

A

carbohydrates

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10
Q

what is it called when a cell takes in a liquid?

A

pinocytosis

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11
Q

what is it called when a cell takes in a solid?

A

phagocytosis

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12
Q

define turgor pressure.

A

pressure in a plant cell, when the vacuole is filled with water

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13
Q

what is semi-permeable?

A

only some things go in and out

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14
Q

what is the purpose of a catalyst?

A

substrate that decreases the activation energy needed to start a chemical reaction

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15
Q

what are the 4 themes of biology?

A

structures & function, evolution, homeostasis, systems

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16
Q

what are the 4 characteristics of living?

A

reproduce, made up of cells, adapt to change, ability to metabolize

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17
Q

what are the 4 macromolecules?

A

protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid

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18
Q

what are the monomers to each of the 4 macromolecules?

A

protein: amino acids
carbohydrates: monosaccharides
lipids: fatty acids
nucleic acid: nucleotides

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19
Q

what are the polymers to each of the 4 macromolecules?

A

protein: polypeptide
carbohydrates: polysaccharides
lipids: phospholipids
nucleic acid: DNA

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20
Q

what are the 4 structures that EVERY cell has?

A

DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm, & membrane

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21
Q

what is the difference between adapt & evolution?

A

evolution is genetic change over time, adaptation is how something changes to suit its environment

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22
Q

how is atp made?

A

cellular respiration

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23
Q

Which phase of mitosis do the sister chromatids seperate?

A

anaphase

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24
Q

What and when is cytokinesis?

A

The division of cells, at the very end

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25
Q

What does concentration gradient result from?

A

unequal distributions of concentration

26
Q

What are the three types of solutions in osmosis?

A

isotonic, hypertonic, & hypotonic

27
Q

What are the 3 types of passive transport?

A

diffusion, osmosis, & facilitated diffusion

28
Q

what organelles are only in plants?

A

chloroplast, central vacuole, & cell wall

29
Q

what organelles are only in animals?

A

lysosomes, centrioles, cilia & flagella

30
Q

what organelles are in every cell?

A

DNA, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes

31
Q

what are all of the organelles?

A

cell membrane, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, nucleus, nucleolus, DNA, rough er, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, centrioles, smooth er, mitochondria, lysosomes, cilia, flagella, vacuole, cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplast

32
Q

which osmosis solution moves out?

A

hypertonic solution

33
Q

how does adp turn back into atp?

A

cellular respiration

34
Q

what part of the atp/adp cycle is exothermic?

A

when it loses a phosphate

35
Q

what macromolecule provides short-term energy?

A

lipids

36
Q

who gets energy from non-living things?

A

producers

37
Q

where is the main source of energy?

A

the sun

38
Q

how can molecules move with no energy?

A

concentration gradient

39
Q

describe a prokaryotic cell

A

unicellular, has no nucleus, & no nuclear membrane

40
Q

describe a eukaryotic cell

A

has membrane bound organelles, has a nucleus, could be every cell except bacteria

41
Q

how does a prokaryotic cell divide?

A

binary fission

42
Q

how does a eukaryotic cell divide?

A

mitosis

43
Q

what are the reasons that a cell goes through mitosis?

A

repair, grow, DNA gives signal external or internally

44
Q

3 parts of a cell theory

A

living things, basic unit, & comes from other cells

45
Q

what are the visible organelles in a cell?

A

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, & cell wall

46
Q

what are the phases in the cell cycle?

A

interphase, mitosis & cytokinesis

47
Q

when do chromosomes replicate?

A

S phase/ interphase

48
Q

list all of the phases of cell cycle and subphases?

A

interphase- G1, G2, S, mitosis- PMAT, cytokinesis

49
Q

what happens in the prophase of mitosis?

A

nuclear membrane clears, spindles appear, centrioles move to poles

50
Q

what happens in the metaphase of mitosis?

A

spindle fibers attach to centromeres, sister chromatids line up in the middle

51
Q

what happens in the anaphase of mitosis?

A

cleavage furrow appears, sisters chromatids detach and become chromosomes

52
Q

what is an autotroph?

A

an organism that can produce its own food

53
Q

what is a heterotroph?

A

an organism that eats plants or other animals for nutrients

54
Q

what are the two ways that producers can get their energy?

A

photosynthesis & chemosynthesis

55
Q

what are the 4 types of consumers?

A

herbivores, omnivores, carnivores, & detrivores

56
Q

what does an herbivore eat?

A

vegetation

57
Q

what does an omnivore eat?

A

meat and vegetation

58
Q

what does a carnivore eat?

A

meat

59
Q

what does a detrivore eat?

A

decomposers, dead stuff

60
Q

what is a catalyst?

A

speed up reactions

61
Q

what is denaturalization?

A

when an enzymes active site gets deformed and loses its specific shape

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