ENZYME Flashcards
It is a non protein entities
Cofactors
Example of a cofactor
Inorganic substances like non metals and minerals
Release after catalysis is called
Coenzymes
Alters spatial configuration of the enzyme for proper substrate binding
Activators
Example of coenzyme
Vitamins
Example of Activators
Calcium Ion
Interferes with the enzymatic reactions
Inhibitors
Binds to the active site of an enzyme
Competitive inhibitor
Binds to the allosteric site (Cofactor site)
Noncompetitive inhibitor
Binds to the enzyme-substrate complex
Uncompetitive inhibitor
Without _______ protein will not be activated and enzyme cannot function without factors.
Cofactors
Optimum temperature of enzyme activity
37 degree Celsius
Denaturation of enzymes
40-50 degrees Celsius
Inactivation of enzymes
60-65 degrees Celsius
For every 10 C increase in temperature, there will be a two-fold increase in enzyme activity.
Temperature coefficient (Q10)
At what range does most physiologic reactions occur in pH?
7-8
Storage for enzyme
-20 C
Storage for substrate and coenzymes
2-8 C
Storage for LD 4 and 5
Room Temperature
Increases enzyme concentration
Hemolysis
Decreases enzyme concentration
Latescence or milky specimen
Enzyme nomenclature
1st digit: Classification
2nd and 3rd digits: subclass
4th digits: serial number
Enzyme classification
a. Oxidoreductases
b. Transferases
c. Hydrolases
d. Lyases
e. Isomerases
f. Ligases
Transfer of a chemical group other than hydrogen from 1 substrate to another
Transferases
splitting by addition of water - Hydrolysis
Hydrolases
removal of groups without hydrolysis
Lyases
Redox reduction
Oxidoreductases
Intramolecular arrangements
Isomerases
Joining of 2 substrate molecules synthases
Ligases
Where the substrate interacts
Active site
May bind regulatory molecules
Allosteric site
coenzyme that bound tightly to the enzyme
Prosthetic group
an enzyme along with its cofactor is called
Haloenzyme
Inactive form of enzyme
zymogen/proenzyme
shape of the key must fit into the lock
Lock and key theory
Based on the substrate binding to the active site of the enzyme
Induced fit theory
Enzyme combines with only 1 substrate and catalyzes only 1 reaction
Absolutely specificity
Enzyme combines with all the substrates in a chemical group.
Group specificity
Enzymes reacting with specific chemical bonds
Bond specificity
Reaction rate depends only on enzyme concentration
Zero-order reaction
Reaction rate is directly proportional to substrate concentration
First-order reaction
International unit for enzyme
1 micromole of substrate /minute
Katal unit
1 mole of substrate/second
Absorbance is made at 10-second intervals for 100 seconds
Nonkinetic assay
Electrophoresis:
(+) Liver - Bone (Regan) - Placenta- Intestine (-)
Heat fractionation:
(Stable) Regan - Placenta - Intestine - Liver- Bone (Labile)
Inhibits Regan, placental and intestinal ALP
Phenylalanine
Inhibits Nago ALP
L-Leucine
Inhibits live and bone ALP
Levamisole
Inhibits bone ALP
3M urea