enzymatic reactions definition and control

Question 1

biochemistry =

Answer 1

study of life processes

Question 2

three-layered approach

Answer 2

-chemical structures of molecules
-interactions between molecules
-metabolism: how all the structures/interactions fit together

Question 3

most chemical reactions are reversible under…

Answer 3

physiological conditions

Question 4

what do forward and backward reactions create ?

Answer 4

kinetic equilibrium with equal generation of both substrate and product

Question 5

what is kinetic steady-state ?

Answer 5

where metabolites flow through pathways (this is what cells are considered as)

Question 6

is metabolism fixed or dynamic ?

Answer 6

dynamic, it responds to cellular and organism changes

Question 7

what does metabolism involve ?

Answer 7

the linked reactions in a cell
(no reaction occurs in isolation)

Question 8

what are substrates and products referred to ?

Answer 8

metabolites

Question 9

what are substrates and products referred to ?

Answer 9

metabolites

Question 10

three main ways to represent metabolic pathways:

Answer 10

-linear
-branched
-cyclical

Question 11

how do cell compartments aid in reactions ?

Answer 11

helps to concentrate the enzymes and metabolites to accelerate the reaction

Question 12

what do multi-enzyme complexes allow ?

Answer 12

direct transfer of metabolites

Question 13

atomic/molecular rearrangement reactions

Answer 13

changing the position of atoms or functional groups WITHIN a molecule (not replacing it)

Question 14

substitution reactions

Answer 14

replacement of one group of atoms with another

Question 15

transfer reactions

Answer 15

transfer of a functional group to substrate

Question 16

redox reactions

Answer 16

dual oxidation and reduction reactions that usually involve co-enzymes

Question 17

cleavage reactions

Answer 17

hydrolysis and splitting molecules in two

Question 18

condensation reactions

Answer 18

two molecules are joined together with the loss of water

Question 19

addition reactions

Answer 19

-two molecules are joined together but water is NOT eliminated
-addition across a double bond

Question 20

what influences rate of enzymatic reactions ?

Answer 20

-concentrations of:
=enzyme
=substrate
=activators
=inhibitors
=coenzymes

Question 21

the relationship between substrate concentration and reaction rate

Answer 21

-zone 1: first order kinetics with regard to
substrate
-zone 2: transitional zone
-zone 3: increasing substrate conc. has no
effect