environmental temp

Question 1

What does temperature influence in water?

Answer 1

Ionisation & pH, viscosity, surface tension and solubility of gases

Question 2

Define temperature

Answer 2

• Property of a body that determines if it gains or loses energy relative to it’s surroundings
• It governs all processes that include a flow of energy

Question 3

How does temperature effect molecules?

Answer 3

Molecules always have kinetic energy, as the temperature increases, the movement increases, the No. of collisions between molecules increases, molecules and reactions occur. The more molecules with sufficient energy to react (activation energy)

Question 4

How does temperature vary?

Answer 4

• seasonally
• Tropics stable temp (has greater biodiversity)
• daily temp variability in rock pools (Daniel & Boyden 1975)

Question 5

what is the climate variability hypothesis?

Answer 5

Because there’s higher variability of temp in latitudes, organisms living in these regions experience a wider range of temp and so have greater tolerance to varying temp (greater thermal windows)

Question 6

What study supports the climate variability hypothesis?

Answer 6

Crompton et al 2007 - in Roebuck bay organisms tolerate higher temps but narrower thermal windows. In wadden sea organisms can’t tolerate the higher temperatures but have wider thermal windows

Question 7

What are the 2 potential responses to climate change?

Answer 7

1. Move - shift distribution, find a more suitable habitat

2. Stay - Extinct, cope with tolerance/ avoidance, adapt (little potential at this scale)

Question 8

Give 2 examples of Migratory response?

Answer 8

• Tropicalization of temperate reefs (Verges et al, 2014) - fish migrate to temperate reefs affecting the ecosystem & fisheries
• Climate driven range expansions in sea urchins (ling et al 2019) - Larvae reaching areas outside the normal range

Question 9

Give examples of extinction response

Answer 9

• Increasing temp causing coral bleaching in reefs of Houtman (Adbo et al, 2012)
• Local extinction of orange spotted file fish after coral bleaching (Brooker et al 2014)