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Ensc > Environmental Sustainability Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Environmental Sustainability Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How long has Earth existed for?

A

3.8 billion years

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2
Q

Why is Earth well suited for life?

A
  1. Water-covers 71% of Earth’s surface
  2. Habitable temperature, moderate sunlight
  3. Atmosphere provides oxygen and co2
  4. Soil provides essential minerals for plants
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3
Q

What is altering the planet?

A

Human activities (not always positive)

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4
Q

What are some examples of human activity?

A

Overpopulation, deforestation, pollution, and species eradication

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5
Q

What is the connection between WW1, mosquitoes, and DDT?

A

All harmful to the environment

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6
Q

When did the use of synthetic pesticides begin?

A

End of World War 2 (according to graph) → 1945-1960 linear increase

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7
Q

Who was Rachel Carson?

A

Scientist for wildlife and fisheries

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8
Q

What was Rachel Carson known for?

A

Silent spring (book) 1962 that raised awareness on ddt and its effect on the environment

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9
Q

When did agricultural use of ddt get banned?

A

1972 in the US

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10
Q

Who was the founder of Earth Day?

A

Gen. Gaylord Nelson

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11
Q

How much of the global population live in poor countries?

A

81%

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12
Q

How many people live in extreme poverty?

A

1 in 4

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13
Q

What are the results of living in extreme poverty?

A

Low life expectancy; unable to meet basic needs

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of highly developed countries (hdcs)?

A

Complex industrialized basis, low population growth, high per capita incomes

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15
Q

What are some examples of HDCs?

A

US, Canada, Japan, western Europe

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of less developed countries (LDCs)?

A

Low level of industrialization, very high fertility rate, high infant mortality rate, low per capita income

17
Q

What are some examples of LDCs?

A

Bangladesh, Mali, Ethiopia

18
Q

What are nonrenewable natural resources?

A

Replaced on a geologic timescale, and supply diminishes with use

19
Q

What are examples of nonrenewable natural resources?

A

Metallic minerals (gold, tin), nonmetallic minerals (salt, phosphates, stone), fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)

20
Q

What are renewable natural resources?

A

Typically replaced on fairly short timescale, and majority of supply is driven by sun’s energy

21
Q

What are some examples of renewable natural resources?

A

Solar energy, energy of winds or flowing water, fertile soil, clean air, fresh water, biological diversity

22
Q

What is people overpopulation?

A

Too many people in a given geographic area

23
Q

Who has an issue with people overpopulation?

A

Developing countries (LDCs)

24
Q

What is consumption overpopulation?

A

Each individual in a population consumes too large a share of the resources

25
Q

Who has an issue with consumption overpopulation?

A

Highly developed countries (HDCs)

26
Q

Who developed ecological footprint?

A

Mathis wackernagel and William Rees

27
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

Total area of land required to sustain a person

28
Q

What is the IPAT model?

A

Mathematical relationship between environmental impacts and the forces driving these impacts

29
Q

What is “I” in IPAT

A

Environmental impact

30
Q

What is “P” in IPAT?

A

Number of people

31
Q

What is “A” in IPAT?

A

Affluence, or measure of the amount of resources used per person

32
Q

What is “t” in IPAT?

A

Environmental effects (resources needed and wastes produced) of the technologies used to obtain and consume the resources

33
Q

What are the factors in IPAT model doing?

A

3 factors are always changing in relation to one another

34
Q

What is environmental sustainability?

A

Ability to meet current human economic and social needs without compromising the ability of the environment to support future generations

35
Q

What levels are environmental sustainability applied to?

A

Individual, community, regional, national, and global level

36
Q

What is “The tragedy of the Commons”?

A

1968 paper in Science by Garrett Hardin (1915-2003)

37
Q

What was the tragedy of the commons about?

A

Our inability to solve many environmental problems is the result of a struggle between short-term and individual wel-fare vs. Long-term environmental sustainability and societal welfare

Ensc (6 decks)

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