Environmental Sports Medicine Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is the best method of prevention for HAPE and other altitude illnesses?

A

Gradual ascent

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2
Q

What is the recommended ascent rate and general ascent recommendations?

A
  • Ascent rate: 300-350m/day at altitudes above 2500m

- Add extra date of acclimatization for every 600-1200 above 2500m

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3
Q

What is main pharmacologic prophylaxis for HAPE?

A

CCBs: Nifedipine 30mg ER QD or BID

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4
Q

How is HAPE treated?

A
  • Immediate descent at least 500-1000m

- Supplemental O2 (sufficient for mild to moderate HAPE without pre-existing CP disease along with rest)

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5
Q

How are scuba divers at risk for arterial gas embolism and how does it present?

A
  • Arterial gas embolism is a life-threatening decompression illness
  • Due to uncontrolled rapid ascent leading to volume expansion of lungs going from high to low pressures leading to air bubbles to develop in circulation
  • Presents with seizure, stroke Sx, disorientation, or acute LOC within 5 minutes of ascent
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6
Q

How is arterial gas embolism treated?

A

Immediate recompression in a hyperbaric chamber

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7
Q

What is Type I decompression sickness and how is it treated?

A
  • Due to excess nitrogen dissolving into tissue
  • Joint pain, skin rash, and pruritis (“bends”)
  • Tx: immediate recompression in hyperbaric chamber
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8
Q

What is Type II decompression sickness and how is it treated?

A
  • Due to excess nitrogen dissolving into tissue
  • Ataxia, weakness, dizziness, and respiratory distress (“chokes”)
  • Tx: immediate recompression in hyperbaric chamber
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9
Q

How does inner ear barotrauma present and treated?

A
  • Due to poor equilibration of pressure during descent and too vigorous of Valsalva maneuvers
  • Presents with pain, vertigo and tinnitus
  • Tx: rest from diving and avoidance of Valsalva
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10
Q

When should pts with inner ear barotrauma be referred to ENT?

A

symptoms of hearing loss

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11
Q

How does acute mountain sickness present and how can it be treated?

A

Px: nausea, headache, and fatigue
Tx: O2, ibuprofen, promethazine, and acetazolamide

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