environmental science quiz three

Question 1

competition that occurs between members of different species inhabiting the same ecological area

Answer 1

interspecific competition

Question 2

competition that occurs between members of the same species

Answer 2

intraspecific competition

Question 3

the range of conditions where a species actually occurs given the constraints of competition

Answer 3

realized niche

Question 4

the complete range of conditions where a species actually occurs given the constraints of competition

Answer 4

fundamental niche

Question 5

natural selection favors individuals that do not compete

Answer 5

niche differentiation

Question 6

both species benefit

Answer 6

mutualism

Question 7

both species have negative effects on each other

Answer 7

competition

Question 8

one species is benefitted and one is harmed

Answer 8

predation/parasitism

Question 9

one species is benefitted and there is no effect on the other one

Answer 9

commensalism

Question 10

no effect on either species

Answer 10

neutralism

Question 11

organisms that transform energy primarily from the sunlight to several layers of consumers

Answer 11

primary producers

Question 12

animals that feed on primary producers

Answer 12

primary consumers

Question 13

carnivores that feed directly on herbivores

Answer 13

secondary consumers

Question 14

organisms that feed directly on secondary consumers

Answer 14

tertiary consumers

Question 15

important for stabilizing food web

Answer 15

keystone species

Question 16

post disturbance change

Answer 16

succession

Question 17

the succession that begins with some aspect of the previous community already intact

Answer 17

secondary succession

Question 18

community of plants that regenerate generation after generation; it’s stable; will stick around until the next disturbance

Answer 18

climax community

Question 19

refers to the area where organisms live but the ecosystem is the organized community of living beings where biotic and abiotic elements are in continuous interaction with each other

Answer 19

ecosystem

Question 20

hold a system to an equilibrium state and make it more stable (maintaining)

Answer 20

balancing (negative) feedback loops

Question 21

tend to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable (increasing the effect)

Answer 21

reinforcing (positive) feedback loop

Question 22

• converts sugars into starch for storage
• 6CO2 + 6H2O + light —-> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Answer 22

photosynthesis

Question 23

• reverse of photosynthesis where stored energy is used
• C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Answer 23

respiration

Question 24

biomass produced over the course of one year

Answer 24

gross primary production

Question 25

biomass available to nonproducers

Answer 25

net primary production

Question 26

biomass remaining

Answer 26

net ecosystem production

Question 27

2(CO2) + 3(H2O) + CaSiO3 = Ca^(2+) + 2(HCO3^-) + H4SiO4

Answer 27

silicate weathering

Question 28

major area of decomposition

Answer 28

shelf

Question 29

sediments derived from land/shelf

Answer 29

accretionary wedge

Question 30

the waste products & dead organisms that sink to the deep sea

aerobic _______ releases CO2

Answer 30

decomposition