environmental science quiz three Flashcards
competition that occurs between members of different species inhabiting the same ecological area
interspecific competition
competition that occurs between members of the same species
intraspecific competition
the range of conditions where a species actually occurs given the constraints of competition
realized niche
the complete range of conditions where a species actually occurs given the constraints of competition
fundamental niche
natural selection favors individuals that do not compete
niche differentiation
both species benefit
mutualism
both species have negative effects on each other
competition
one species is benefitted and one is harmed
predation/parasitism
one species is benefitted and there is no effect on the other one
commensalism
no effect on either species
neutralism
organisms that transform energy primarily from the sunlight to several layers of consumers
primary producers
animals that feed on primary producers
primary consumers
carnivores that feed directly on herbivores
secondary consumers
organisms that feed directly on secondary consumers
tertiary consumers
important for stabilizing food web
keystone species
post disturbance change
succession
the succession that begins with some aspect of the previous community already intact
secondary succession
community of plants that regenerate generation after generation; it’s stable; will stick around until the next disturbance
climax community
refers to the area where organisms live but the ecosystem is the organized community of living beings where biotic and abiotic elements are in continuous interaction with each other
ecosystem
hold a system to an equilibrium state and make it more stable (maintaining)
balancing (negative) feedback loops
tend to move a system away from equilibrium and make it more unstable (increasing the effect)
reinforcing (positive) feedback loop
- converts sugars into starch for storage
- 6CO2 + 6H2O + light —-> C6H12O6 + 6O2
photosynthesis
- reverse of photosynthesis where stored energy is used
- C6H12O6 + 6O2 —-> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
respiration
biomass produced over the course of one year
gross primary production
biomass available to nonproducers
net primary production
biomass remaining
net ecosystem production
2(CO2) + 3(H2O) + CaSiO3 = Ca^(2+) + 2(HCO3^-) + H4SiO4
silicate weathering
major area of decomposition
shelf
sediments derived from land/shelf
accretionary wedge
the waste products & dead organisms that sink to the deep sea
aerobic _______ releases CO2
decomposition
