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ENVI-SCI and MATSCI > Environmental Science > Flashcards

Environmental Science Flashcards

1
Q

What is environmental pollution?
a) A process that enhances the environment’s natural properties
b) Any alteration in the physical, chemical, or biological properties of the environment that negatively affects its quality and use
c) The addition of only chemical pollutants in the environment
d) The increase of biodiversity in an ecosystem

A

B

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2
Q

Which of the following is NOT a component of the environment that can be affected by pollution?
a) Air
b) Water
c) Land
d) Electricity

A

D

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3
Q

What is one of the primary effects of environmental pollution?
a) It improves air and water quality
b) It enhances aesthetic beauty
c) It adversely affects the environment’s beneficial use
d) It only impacts industrial growth

A

C

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4
Q

How is water classified?
a) Based on its temperature
b) Based on its color and smell
c) Based on its highest beneficial use
d) Based on its ability to conduct electricity

A

C

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5
Q

Why is water classification important?
a) It helps in assigning taxes to water bodies
b) It determines how water bodies can be used and helps improve community living conditions
c) It prevents the mixing of freshwater and saltwater
d) It ensures all water bodies have the same characteristics

A

B

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6
Q

What is the intended primary use of Class AA water?
a) Recreational activities like swimming
b) Public water supply from protected, uninhabited watersheds
c) Industrial cooling purposes
d) Agriculture and irrigation

A

B

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7
Q

What is the main difference between Class AA and Class A water?
a) Class A water requires only disinfection, while Class AA requires complete treatment
b) Class AA water is for agriculture, while Class A is for drinking
c) Class A water requires full treatment, while Class AA only requires disinfection
d) Class A water is more polluted than Class D water

A

C

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8
Q

Class B water is mainly used for:
a) Drinking water supply
b) Cooling in industrial settings
c) Primary contact recreation like swimming and diving
d) Agricultural irrigation

A

C

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9
Q

Class C water is suitable for which of the following uses?
a) Fishery water and secondary recreational activities
b) Drinking water with no treatment
c) Power generation
d) Laundry purposes only

A

A

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10
Q

Which of the following is a primary use of Class D water?
a) Swimming and tourism activities
b) Drinking water with minimal treatment
c) Industrial cooling and irrigation
d) Fish and aquatic life propagation

A

C

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11
Q

How does Class D water differ from Class C water?
a) Class C is suitable for fish propagation, while Class D is used for industrial purposes and irrigation
b) Class D is cleaner than Class C and can be used for drinking
c) Class C requires more treatment compared to Class D
d) There is no difference between them

A

A

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12
Q

According to the DENR classification, which water class requires the highest level of treatment before it can be used as drinking water?
a) Class AA
b) Class A
c) Class B
d) Class D

A

B

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13
Q

What type of classification applies to lakes and reservoirs used for industrial cooling?
a) Class A
b) Class B
c) Class C
d) Class D

A

D

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14
Q

What is the primary purpose of Class SA waters?
a) Industrial cooling purposes
b) Propagation, survival, and harvesting of shellfish for commercial purposes
c) General recreation and boating
d) Wastewater disposal

A

b

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15
Q

Which of the following areas are included in Class SA waters?
a) Public swimming pools
b) Tourist zones, national marine parks, and reserves
c) Fish breeding farms
d) Mangrove swamps used for fish farming

A

b

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16
Q

Coral reef parks and reserves fall under which coastal marine water classification?
a) Class SA
b) Class SB
c) Class SC
d) Class SD

A

a

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17
Q

What is the main purpose of Class SB waters?
a) Used for heavy industrial wastewater disposal
b) Designated for coral reef conservation
c) Used for public recreational activities like bathing, swimming, and diving
d) Exclusively for marine research

A

c

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18
Q

What type of fishing is allowed in Class SB waters?
a) Commercial and sustenance fishing (Fishery Water Class II)
b) Deep-sea industrial fishing
c) Shellfish farming only
d) No fishing is allowed in Class SB waters

A

a

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19
Q

Which of the following activities is commonly carried out in Class SB waters?
a) Deep-sea oil drilling
b) Swimming, diving, and other primary contact recreation
c) Large-scale wastewater discharge
d) Power plant cooling operations

A

b

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20
Q

Class SC waters are primarily designated for which activity?
a) Recreational Water Class II (e.g., boating)
b) Coral reef protection
c) Public swimming areas
d) Drinking water supply

A

a

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21
Q

What type of fishing is allowed in Class SC waters?
a) Only recreational fishing
b) Commercial and sustenance fishing (Fishery Water Class II)
c) Deep-sea industrial trawling
d) No fishing is permitted

A

b

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22
Q

Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries fall under which classification?
a) Class SA
b) Class SB
c) Class SC
d) Class SD

A

c

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23
Q

What is Class SD water primarily used for?
a) Drinking water supply
b) Industrial Water Supply Class II (e.g., cooling)
c) Tourism and recreation
d) Coral reef restoration

A

b

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24
Q

Other coastal and marine waters that do not fit into the SA, SB, or SC categories are classified under:
a) Class SA
b) Class SB
c) Class SC
d) Class SD

A

d

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25
What does the color of wastewater indicate? a) The temperature of the wastewater b) The age of the sewage c) The source of contamination d) The pH level of wastewater
b
26
What color is fresh sewage? a) Green b) Black c) Grayish d) Reddish-brown
c
27
What color does septic sewage typically exhibit? a) Grayish b) Black c) Yellow d) Blue-green
b
28
Which of the following is not a method used to measure the color of wastewater? a) Visual Comparison Method b) Nessler Tubes c) Jackson Turbidimeter d) Photoelectric Colorimeters
c
29
What causes the odor in wastewater? a) The presence of dissolved oxygen b) Septic decomposition of organic waste c) Excess chlorine in water d) High salinity levels
b
30
What type of odor is associated with amines? a) Rotten eggs b) Fishy c) Decayed fish d) Skunk-like
b
31
Which gas in wastewater is responsible for the rotten egg smell? a) Ammonia b) Hydrogen sulfide c) Mercaptans d) Organic sulfides
b
32
Mercaptans give off an odor similar to: a) Rotten eggs b) Skunk c) Rotten cabbage d) Fecal matter
b
33
What measurement method uses human subjects to determine odor concentration? a) Olfactometer b) Nessler Tubes c) Photoelectric Colorimeter d) Jackson Turbidimeter
a
34
In the sensory method, what does MDTOC stand for? a) Maximum Dilution Threshold Odor Calculation b) Minimum Detectable Threshold Odor Concentration c) Measured Dilution Test for Odor Comparison d) Minimum Decay Time of Odor Concentration
b
35
Turbidity is a measure of: a) Dissolved oxygen in water b) Suspended particles in wastewater c) Odor concentration in water d) The amount of organic waste in water
b
36
What is the typical turbidity level of a clear lake? a) Below 5 units b) Around 25 units c) Around 50 units d) Over 100 units
b
37
Which of the following turbidity measurement methods involves submerging a disk into the water? a) Jackson Turbidimeter b) Olfactometer c) Nessler Tubes d) Secchi Disk Depth
d
38
Jackson Turbidimeter (JTU) measures turbidity in terms of: a) ppm oxygen b) mg/L silica in water c) ml/mg of organic matter d) TON units
b
39
How does temperature affect wastewater? a) Increases the solubility of oxygen in water b) Lowers the rate of microbial activity c) Lowers the solubility of oxygen in water d) Has no impact on microbial processes
c
40
Why does an increase in wastewater temperature lead to a decrease in oxygen levels? a) Oxygen molecules evaporate faster at higher temperatures b) Microbial activity decreases c) The water becomes denser d) It increases the amount of organic waste in water
a
41
What does total solids in wastewater refer to? a) The total number of microorganisms present in the water b) The amount of suspended and dissolved residues left after water is evaporated c) The number of chemical pollutants in wastewater d) The amount of metals dissolved in wastewater
b
42
At what temperature range are total solids measured after evaporation? a) 50-70°C b) 80-90°C c) 103-105°C d) 120-130°C
c
43
What does pH measure in water? a) The amount of oxygen in water b) The acidity or alkalinity of water c) The presence of organic matter d) The temperature of water
b
44
A wastewater sample with a pH of less than 7 is considered: a) Neutral b) Acidic c) Alkaline d) Basic
b
45
Calcium and magnesium salts in water cause: a) Increased microbial growth b) Softness in water c) Hardness in water and scale formation in pipelines d) Decreased conductivity
c
46
What problem is associated with the presence of calcium and magnesium salts in industrial water use? a) Increased oxygen solubility b) Increased corrosion resistance c) Formation of scales and deposits in pipelines d) Reduction in pH
c
47
Nitrogen and phosphorus are primarily found in: a) Heavy metals b) Fertilizers c) Acids d) Industrial solvents
b
48
What environmental problem is caused by excessive nitrogen and phosphorus in water bodies? a) Oxygen depletion b) Eutrophication c) Heavy metal pollution d) Increased salinity
b
49
Eutrophication is characterized by: a) High oxygen levels in water b) Overabundance of algae, turning water into a pea-soup appearance c) Removal of all microbial life from water d) Decreased water hardness
b
50
Which of the following is a characteristic of trace metals? a) They are beneficial in high concentrations b) They are toxic even in small concentrations c) They do not accumulate in the food chain d) They do not affect aquatic life
b
51
What is biomagnification? a) The ability of water to neutralize acids b) The accumulation of trace metals as they move through the food chain c) The process of water purification using metals d) The removal of toxins by microbial activity
b
52
Which heavy metal is responsible for causing Minamata disease? a) Lead b) Mercury c) Arsenic d) Chromium
b
53
What is a key symptom of Minamata disease? a) Skin discoloration b) Bone disintegration c) Neurological issues like trembling and inability to walk d) Reduced immune response
c
54
Itai-itai (ouch-ouch) disease, which causes severe bone disintegration, is caused by: a) Lead b) Cadmium c) Arsenic d) Silver
b
55
Which trace metal causes argyria, a condition where the skin and mucous membranes turn blue-gray? a) Chromium b) Lead c) Silver d) Arsenic
c
56
Arsenic is known for being: a) Harmless at low concentrations b) A carcinogenic poison c) A disinfectant d) Essential for plant growth
b
57
Chromium exposure can lead to: a) Skin rashes b) Neurological disease c) Lung cancer d) Increased oxygen solubility
b
58
Lead poisoning can cause all of the following except: a) Fetal malformation b) Mental disability c) Increased sex drive d) Irritability
c
59
Proteins in wastewater are mainly from: a) Industrial solvents b) Animal waste and biological materials c) Heavy metals d) Oils and fats
b
60
What problem does excess protein in wastewater cause? a) Formation of algal blooms b) Extremely foul odors c) Increased oxygen levels d) Decreased microbial activity
b
61
Carbohydrates found in wastewater include all except: a) Sugars b) Starches c) Cellulose d) Heavy metals
d
62
How do oils, fats, and greases negatively affect water bodies? a) Increase the natural aeration of water b) Prevent natural aeration and reduce fish populations c) Lower water temperature d) Enhance microbial activity
b
63
What is the main effect of surfactants in wastewater? a) They cause foaming in water b) They increase oxygen solubility c) They neutralize acidity d) They help remove heavy metals
a
64
Why are phenols a concern in drinking water? a) They cause cancer b) They produce unpleasant taste, especially when chlorinated c) They kill fish instantly d) They increase water hardness
b
65
What is a major concern with pesticides and agricultural chemicals in water? a) They cannot be absorbed by aquatic organisms b) They tend to biomagnify in the food chain c) They decompose quickly into harmless substances d) They are completely filtered by natural sedimentation
b
66
Some pesticides are classified as: a) Safe for all aquatic life b) Beneficial nutrients c) Carcinogenic at certain concentrations d) Heavy metals
c

ENVI-SCI and MATSCI (2 decks)

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