ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Flashcards
What are the 7 Environmental Principles?
- Nature Knows Best
- All Forms of Life are Important
- Everything is Related to Everything Else
- Everything Changes
- Everything Must go Somewhere
- Finiteness of Resources
- Nature is Beautiful and We are Stewards of God’s Creation
What are the 5 Cycles
Nitrogen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Energy Cycle
Oxygen Cycle
Water Cycle
What are the Major Components of Environmental Science?
- Atmospheric Sciences
- Environmental Chemistry
- Forestry and Agricultural Sciences
- Geosciences
- Oceanography and Marine Sciences
Is a field that deals with the study of the interaction between human systems (population of the earth) and natural systems (earth itself and life).
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Sciences used in environmental science include _____, ______, _______, _____, ______, and ______.
Geography, zoology, physics, ecology, oceanology, and geology.
What are the 4 Earth System or sub-system?
Geosphere (land)
Hydrosphere (water)
Biosphere (living things)
Atmosphere (air)
What are the Chemical Layers or Layers of the Geosphere?
- Crust (solid) ———
- Oceanic |
- Continental — Lithosphere
- Mantle (solid). |
- Upper Mantle —
- Lower Mantle - Outer Core (liquid)
- Inner Core (solid)
Includes all the elements that form the crust and core of the Earth. Rocks and sand particles ranging from drylands to those found at the bottom of the ocean are examples of the geosphere. Examples also involve minerals, lava, molten magma and mountains.
Geosphere
includes all the water parts of the planet. It includes water on the surface, subsurface and water vapour in the atmosphere. It undergoes infinite processes every day.
Hydrosphere
The _____ comprises all the living components of the Earth. It also includes organic matter that has not yet decayed.
Biosphere
The gaseous component above the surface of the Earth is known as the ______. It is made of gaseous components and tiny water particles. The gases in the _____ are kept in place by the force of gravity.
Atmosphere
What are the different layers of the Atmosphere?
- Troposphere (plane, hot air balloon, birds, house, clouds)
- Stratosphere (ozone layer, UV rays)
- Mesosphere (meteors)
- Thermosphere (aurora borealis, northern lights)
- Exosphere (satellite, spaceship, stars)
This is an umbrella term for a cluster of distinct fields that are concerned with the Earth’s atmosphere, including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric chemistry and physics.
Atmospheric Sciences
Study the chemical and biochemical processes in the natural world, and the impacts of human activity on those processes (chemical alterations of the environment).
- Molecular chemistry of air, water, and soil.
- Soil contamination
- Water pollution
Environmental Chemistry
These branches of the natural sciences focus on management and sustainability issues in farming, agriculture, national parks, wetlands, and wildlife habitats.
Biodiversity, soil health, waste and pollution mitigation, botany, horticulture, and elements of food and health sciences are concerns among this.
Forestry and Agricultural Sciences
Geology, geography, geodesy, volcanology, mineralogy, geophysics, geochemistry, and geographical information science.
- The ____ overlap with atmospheric and oceanographic sciences, but tend to focus on exploring terrestrial features, from volcanoes and mineral formations, to magnetic fields and plate tectonics.
Geosciences
____ comprise the largest ecosystem on our planet. In combination with the marine sciences, particularly marine biology, and several other subfields concerned with the ecology and geology of marine environments, _____ and the study of other water resources makes up another key component of environmental science.
Oceanography and Marine Sciences
What are the Environmental Threats?
- Bycatch
- Deforestation and Forest Degradation
- Effects of Climate Change
- Illegal Fishing
- Illegal Wildlife Trade
- Overfishing
: degraded ecosystems, decreasing food & economic security - Water Scarcity and Water Pollution
What are the Changing States of Matter? From:
Solid to Gas — Gas to Solid
Gas to Liquid — Liquid to Gas
Liquid to Gas then back to Liquid
Liquid to Solid — Solid to Liquid
Liquid to vapor or gas throughout the liquid
Solid to Gas: Sublimation
Gas to Solid: Deposition
Gas to Liquid: Condensation
Liquid to Gas: Evaporation
Liquid-Gas back to Liquid: Distillation
Liquid to Solid: Freezing
Solid to Liquid: Melting
Boiling: Liquid to vapor or gas throughout the liquid
What are the Gases in the Earth’s Atmosphere?
Nitrogen (N2) — 78%
Oxygen (O2) — 21%
Argon (Ar) — 0.93%
1%
Carbon Dioxide (Co2)
Neon (Ne)
Helium (He)
Ammonia (NH3)
Krypton (Kr)
ATP means?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What are the Ion Charge?
Cation (+)
Anion (-)
is a biogeochemical process which transforms the inert nitrogen present in the atmosphere to a more
usable form for living organisms.
Nitrogen Cycle
What are the Stages of Nitrogen Cycle?
- Nitrogen Fixation
- Nitrification
o The reaction involved in the process of Nitrification is as follows:
2NH3 + 3o2 → 2NO2 + 2H + 2H2
2NO2 + O2 → 2NO3- - Assimilation
- Ammonification
- Denitrification
Types of Nitrogen Fixation?
Atmospheric Fixation
Industrial Nitrogen Fixation
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
What are Carbon (CO²) Cycle Steps?
Photosynthesis
Consumption
Decomposition
Respiration
Combustion
Human Impact on Oxygen Cycle
▪ Deforestation
▪ Burning Fossil Fuels
▪ Water Pollution & Eutrophication
▪ Industrialization & Urbanization
▪ Climate change
▪ Combustion of biomass
▪ Decreased oxygen in oceans
2 Components of Environmental Science?
Biotic - Living organism
Abiotic - non living like Air, Water, Fire, building, etc.
What are the Component of Oxygen Cycle?
Atmosphere
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere
STAGES OF WATER CYCLE?
Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Precipitation
Infiltration
Collection
What are the 3 Everything Changes?
-
Linear Change (physical and biological evolution)
—Since the Earth began, is has been undergoing change. From
a ball of a dust and gas to its present state with a distinct lithosphere, hydrosphere, from the soupy oceanic bowl of quasi-life molecules to the exuberant diversity that now inhabits the Earth. -
Cyclic Change.
— The movement of the Earth as an astronomical body results in the occurrence of the seasons, and
the days and nights. With this rhythm also occurs rhythms in plants and animal life. -
Random Change.
— The catastrophic forces like volcanic eruption, earthquakes, tsunami, and typhoons.
Diatomic Elements:
O2 + C6 H12 O6 → H2O + CO2 + ATP
- Hydrogen (H2)
- Oxygen (O2)
- Fluorine (F2)
- Bromine (Br2)
- Iodine (I2)
- Nitrogen (N2)
- Chlorine (Cl2)
Carbohydrates – are sugar molecules. One of three main nutrients found in foods and drinks.
**What are the Types?**
▪ Sugars
▪ Starches
▪ Fibers
