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2ND YEAR (FIRST SEM) > ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 7 Environmental Principles?

A
  1. Nature Knows Best
  2. All Forms of Life are Important
  3. Everything is Related to Everything Else
  4. Everything Changes
  5. Everything Must go Somewhere
  6. Finiteness of Resources
  7. Nature is Beautiful and We are Stewards of God’s Creation
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2
Q

What are the 5 Cycles

A

Nitrogen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Energy Cycle
Oxygen Cycle
Water Cycle

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3
Q

What are the Major Components of Environmental Science?

A
  1. Atmospheric Sciences
  2. Environmental Chemistry
  3. Forestry and Agricultural Sciences
  4. Geosciences
  5. Oceanography and Marine Sciences
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4
Q

Is a field that deals with the study of the interaction between human systems (population of the earth) and natural systems (earth itself and life).

A

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

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5
Q

Sciences used in environmental science include _____, ______, _______, _____, ______, and ______.

A

Geography, zoology, physics, ecology, oceanology, and geology.

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6
Q

What are the 4 Earth System or sub-system?

A

Geosphere (land)
Hydrosphere (water)
Biosphere (living things)
Atmosphere (air)

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7
Q

What are the Chemical Layers or Layers of the Geosphere?

A
  1. Crust (solid) ———
    • Oceanic |
    • Continental — Lithosphere
  2. Mantle (solid). |
    - Upper Mantle —
    - Lower Mantle
  3. Outer Core (liquid)
  4. Inner Core (solid)
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8
Q

Includes all the elements that form the crust and core of the Earth. Rocks and sand particles ranging from drylands to those found at the bottom of the ocean are examples of the geosphere. Examples also involve minerals, lava, molten magma and mountains.

A

Geosphere

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9
Q

includes all the water parts of the planet. It includes water on the surface, subsurface and water vapour in the atmosphere. It undergoes infinite processes every day.

A

Hydrosphere

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10
Q

The _____ comprises all the living components of the Earth. It also includes organic matter that has not yet decayed.

A

Biosphere

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11
Q

The gaseous component above the surface of the Earth is known as the ______. It is made of gaseous components and tiny water particles. The gases in the _____ are kept in place by the force of gravity.

A

Atmosphere

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12
Q

What are the different layers of the Atmosphere?

A
  1. Troposphere (plane, hot air balloon, birds, house, clouds)
  2. Stratosphere (ozone layer, UV rays)
  3. Mesosphere (meteors)
  4. Thermosphere (aurora borealis, northern lights)
  5. Exosphere (satellite, spaceship, stars)
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13
Q

This is an umbrella term for a cluster of distinct fields that are concerned with the Earth’s atmosphere, including climatology, meteorology, and atmospheric chemistry and physics.

A

Atmospheric Sciences

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14
Q

Study the chemical and biochemical processes in the natural world, and the impacts of human activity on those processes (chemical alterations of the environment).

  • Molecular chemistry of air, water, and soil.
  • Soil contamination
  • Water pollution
A

Environmental Chemistry

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15
Q

These branches of the natural sciences focus on management and sustainability issues in farming, agriculture, national parks, wetlands, and wildlife habitats.

Biodiversity, soil health, waste and pollution mitigation, botany, horticulture, and elements of food and health sciences are concerns among this.

A

Forestry and Agricultural Sciences

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16
Q

Geology, geography, geodesy, volcanology, mineralogy, geophysics, geochemistry, and geographical information science.

  • The ____ overlap with atmospheric and oceanographic sciences, but tend to focus on exploring terrestrial features, from volcanoes and mineral formations, to magnetic fields and plate tectonics.
A

Geosciences

17
Q

____ comprise the largest ecosystem on our planet. In combination with the marine sciences, particularly marine biology, and several other subfields concerned with the ecology and geology of marine environments, _____ and the study of other water resources makes up another key component of environmental science.

A

Oceanography and Marine Sciences

18
Q

What are the Environmental Threats?

A
  • Bycatch
  • Deforestation and Forest Degradation
  • Effects of Climate Change
  • Illegal Fishing
  • Illegal Wildlife Trade
  • Overfishing
    : degraded ecosystems, decreasing food & economic security
  • Water Scarcity and Water Pollution
19
Q

What are the Changing States of Matter? From:
Solid to Gas — Gas to Solid
Gas to Liquid — Liquid to Gas
Liquid to Gas then back to Liquid
Liquid to Solid — Solid to Liquid

Liquid to vapor or gas throughout the liquid

A

Solid to Gas: Sublimation
Gas to Solid: Deposition

Gas to Liquid: Condensation
Liquid to Gas: Evaporation
Liquid-Gas back to Liquid: Distillation
Liquid to Solid: Freezing
Solid to Liquid: Melting

Boiling: Liquid to vapor or gas throughout the liquid

20
Q

What are the Gases in the Earth’s Atmosphere?

A

Nitrogen (N2) — 78%
Oxygen (O2) — 21%
Argon (Ar) — 0.93%

1%
Carbon Dioxide (Co2)
Neon (Ne)
Helium (He)
Ammonia (NH3)
Krypton (Kr)

21
Q

ATP means?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

22
Q

What are the Ion Charge?

A

Cation (+)
Anion (-)

23
Q

is a biogeochemical process which transforms the inert nitrogen present in the atmosphere to a more
usable form for living organisms.

A

Nitrogen Cycle

24
Q

What are the Stages of Nitrogen Cycle?

A
  1. Nitrogen Fixation
  2. Nitrification
    o The reaction involved in the process of Nitrification is as follows:
    2NH3 + 3o2 → 2NO2 + 2H + 2H2
    2NO2 + O2 → 2NO3-
  3. Assimilation
  4. Ammonification
  5. Denitrification
25
Q

Types of Nitrogen Fixation?

A

Atmospheric Fixation
Industrial Nitrogen Fixation
Biological Nitrogen Fixation

26
Q

What are Carbon (CO²) Cycle Steps?

A

Photosynthesis
Consumption
Decomposition
Respiration
Combustion

27
Q

Human Impact on Oxygen Cycle

A

▪ Deforestation
▪ Burning Fossil Fuels
▪ Water Pollution & Eutrophication
▪ Industrialization & Urbanization
▪ Climate change
▪ Combustion of biomass
▪ Decreased oxygen in oceans

28
Q

2 Components of Environmental Science?

A

Biotic - Living organism
Abiotic - non living like Air, Water, Fire, building, etc.

29
Q

What are the Component of Oxygen Cycle?

A

Atmosphere
Biosphere
Lithosphere
Hydrosphere

30
Q

STAGES OF WATER CYCLE?

A

Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Precipitation
Infiltration
Collection

31
Q

What are the 3 Everything Changes?

A
  1. Linear Change (physical and biological evolution)
    —Since the Earth began, is has been undergoing change. From
    a ball of a dust and gas to its present state with a distinct lithosphere, hydrosphere, from the soupy oceanic bowl of quasi-life molecules to the exuberant diversity that now inhabits the Earth.
  2. Cyclic Change.
    — The movement of the Earth as an astronomical body results in the occurrence of the seasons, and
    the days and nights. With this rhythm also occurs rhythms in plants and animal life.
  3. Random Change.
    — The catastrophic forces like volcanic eruption, earthquakes, tsunami, and typhoons.
32
Q

Diatomic Elements:

O2 + C6 H12 O6 → H2O + CO2 + ATP

A
  1. Hydrogen (H2)
  2. Oxygen (O2)
  3. Fluorine (F2)
  4. Bromine (Br2)
  5. Iodine (I2)
  6. Nitrogen (N2)
  7. Chlorine (Cl2)
33
Q

Carbohydrates – are sugar molecules. One of three main nutrients found in foods and drinks.

  **What are the Types?**
A

▪ Sugars
▪ Starches
▪ Fibers

2ND YEAR (FIRST SEM) (5 decks)

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