Environmental Policy

Question 1

Policy

Answer 1

A formal set of rules and regulations designed to address problems and direct decisions

Question 2

Free Riders

Answer 2

The one in a TOC (Tragedy of Commons) scenario that selfishly takes advantage of the others for personal gain

Question 3

Four reasons why Environmental Policy is unpopular:

Answer 3

Land Takings
Zoning Regulations
Business Leniency/Strictness
Permitting/Building

Question 4

Regulations

Answer 4

Specific rules written on broadly based laws

Question 5

Grassroots Organization

Answer 5

An influential small group that attempts to persuade their congressmen/women to initiate laws for their benefit

Question 6

Lobbyist

Answer 6

An influential group that is paid by corporations to lobby, or argue, congressmen/women to make rules to benefit the corporation

Question 7

ATSDR

Answer 7

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry

Question 8

CDC

Answer 8

Center for Disease Control

Question 9

FDA

Answer 9

Food and Drug Administration

Question 10

NOAA

Answer 10

National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration

Question 11

EPA

Answer 11

Environmental Protection Agency

Question 12

14th Amendment

Answer 12

Keeps a state from denying any one person to ‘“equal protection of the law”

Question 13

5th Amendment

Answer 13

Private property shall not be taken without just compensation (Takings Clause)

Question 14

Customary Law

Answer 14

From a particular country’s culture

Question 15

Conventional Law

Answer 15

From conventions or treaties from multinational conferences; generally led by the UN, EU, or the WTO (AKA the Darth Vader of the environmental world)

Question 16

The World Bank

Answer 16

Largest source worldwide for economic development

Question 17

Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs)

Answer 17

Advocacy groups such as Greenspace, Sierra Club, and the World Wide Fund for Nature

Question 18

Command-and-control approach

Answer 18

Rules and limitations threaten punishment for violating parties

Question 19

Subsidy

Answer 19

Giving of government funds to encourage a particular activity; could go either way

Question 20

Green Taxes

Answer 20

Government taxing corporations/individuals for harming the environment

Question 21

National Environmental Policy Act (1970)

Answer 21

Created the precursor to EPA, a federal agency with the ability to fine companies for environmental mistreatment; created EPA

Question 22

Federal Pesticide Act (1972)

Answer 22

Gets rids of certain pesticides; FIFRA - Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, Rodenticide Act; 1972 was the last year DDT was in the USA

Question 23

Endangered Species Act (1976)

Answer 23

Makes a list of protected animals

Question 24

Toxic Substances Control Act (1976)

Answer 24

Makes companies keep track of their chemicals and waste from the “cradle to grave”; law is the label, and label is the law

Question 25

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) (1980)

Answer 25

AKA Superfund; makes companies pay for their environmental crimes, and everyone associated with them

Question 26

First Era (1780-1872):

Answer 26

Mainly addresses public land management
Homestead Act of 1862 - For $16 a family could have 160 acres of land if they live there for five years
Westward Expansion - Oklahoma land rush; Indian dispersal
Land Grant Universities

Question 27

Second Era (1872-1962):

Answer 27

In response to huge environmental blunders due to the rise in population, US starts enacting protection laws for the land of the west
1872 - Congress allows Yellowstone Park to be the world’s first national park, a true example of democracy
Dust bowl happens because action was not implemented initially

Question 28

Third Era (1962-Present)

Answer 28

Starts with Rachel Carson’s book, Silent Spring
Social change starts active protesting that leads to changes in federal laws
Largest enactment of federal environmental law in US history, mainly in response to some of the most condemning disasters in US history (Cuyahoga River, Exxon Valdez Spill, Three Mile Island)
Rise of synthetic products