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Clinical LV > ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENTAL MODIFICATION Flashcards

1
Q

Kinds of environmental modifications:

A

Size
Distance
Color
Lighting
Glare
Contrast

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2
Q

Environmental modifications are best achieved by:

A

Site visits to the patient’s environment

Providing education to the patient on various ways in which he/she can optimize lighting and contrast

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3
Q

Environmental modifications ideally should be considered at two levels

A
  1. In the individual’s general environment
  2. In specific tasks performed within the environment
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4
Q

Examples of size modifications

A

Large print books
Large print cards
Larger clocks
Larger calculators

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5
Q

T/F
Physical enlargement of the object produces a small retinal image

A

F- enlargement

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6
Q

T/F
Decrease in distance of object can produce enlarged retinal image

A

T

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7
Q

The role of color is important in:

A

Warning of hazards

Indicating change in surface or level

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8
Q

Colour modifications

A

Bright colors
Solid bright colors
A walkway painted on the floor for incoming/outgoing traffic
Bright color cards attached to hangers
Bright light, appropriately applied

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9
Q

When considering lighting modifications in LV patients, we are concerned with two aspects:

A

Amount of light
The level of glare produced

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10
Q

Lighting requirement for a patient with cataract

A

High

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11
Q

Lighting requirement for a patient with DR

A

Moderate

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12
Q

Lighting requirement for a patient with Glaucoma

A

Moderate

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13
Q

Lighting requirement for a patient with Macular degeneration

A

Varies usually brighter

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14
Q

Lighting requirement for a patient with RP

A

Moderate to bright

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15
Q

Sensitivity to light for a patient with Cataract

A

High

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16
Q

Sensitivity to light for a patient with DR

A

Moderate

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17
Q

Sensitivity to light for a patient with Glaucoma

A

Moderate

18
Q

Sensitivity to light for a patient with Macular degeneration

A

High

19
Q

Sensitivity to light for a patient with RP

A

High

20
Q

The modification of lighting can be determined by the

A

Inverse square law

21
Q

Advantages of natural light

A

Most natural type of light
Appropriate for many tasks

22
Q

Advantages of incandescent light

A

Readily available in a large variety of wattages

Light is concentrated

Better for “spot lighting” on near tasks

Light does not “flicker” like fluorescent light

23
Q

Advantages of fluorescent light

A

Better for general room lighting

Illuminates a wider area than incandescent light

Does not create shadows

Cooler than incandescent

24
Q

Advantages of combination incandescent and fluorescent light

A

Can be combined to create a comfortable environment

Approximates natural light

Some lamps come in socket for both types of bulbs

25
Q

Advantages of halogen lights

A

Brighter than incandescent light

Gives more illumination and uses lower wattage

More energy-efficient than regular incandescent light bulbs

26
Q

Advantages of LED lights

A

High efficiency

Do not produce external heat

Very long lifetime

27
Q

Disadvantages of natural light

A

Inconsistent
Creates glare
Creates shadows
Changes throughout the day

28
Q

Disadvantages of incandescent light

A

Not recommended for general room lighting

Can create shadows and glare

Becoming unavailable

High energy consumption

29
Q

Disadvantages of fluorescent lighting

A

Light is not stable; can flicker

Can’t be dimmed as easily as incandescent light

30
Q

Glare can be described in three ways

A

Disability
Discomfort
Environmental

31
Q

Arises from problems with the ocular media like the cornea or lens

A

Disability glare

32
Q

Refers to stray light that reduces visual comfort

A

Discomfort glare

33
Q

Refers to glare which results in poor resolution of the retinal image

A

Environmental Glare

34
Q

It may be caused by glossy pages or particles in the air or on the viewing surface

A

Environmental Glare

35
Q

Signs and notices

A

Bathroom signs not sensitive to patients with LV

Bathroom signs that display better contrast

Well-contrasted signs

36
Q

Interior design

A

Wide entrance door

Automatic sliding doors must have distinctive warning strips on door

Use color or images to distinguish between doors and sidelights

Staircase should bear high contrast nosing and handrails

Tactile map with Braille

A well-demarcated and contrasted door

37
Q

Exterior design

A

Signposts, lighting columns, litter bins and seating should be out of the line of pedest travel

A well-contrasted walkway with light posts

Placement of vegetation as boundary indicators

High contrast guide paths are required

Placement of tactile tile as path indicators

Electronic card readers

Tactile map with audio device

38
Q

Designs to increase mobility outdoor

A

− Infrared transmission system
− Satellite navigation system
− Global positioning system
− Universal mobile telecommunication system
− Vision substitution

39
Q

Designs to increase mobility indoor

A

− Talking sign post
− Easy Walker

40
Q

Designs to increase mobility in government policy

A

Tactile maps
Tactile guide paths
Tactile signs for toilets

Clinical LV (3 decks)

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