Environmental Management and Sustainable Development Flashcards
What did development look like in the pre-industrial era?
Resource management was based on necessity
Communities were Highly Agricultural
Social (Survival and Agricultural)
What did development look like during the Industrial Revolution?
The shift to mechanized production caused unprecedented exploitation of natural resources
Environmental cost of development began to emerge, but little attention was given to the impacts
Social –> Economic (Efficiency & Productivity)
Envi Issues (Deforestation, Air Pollution, CO2 emissions, increased use of fossil fuels, water pollution)
What did development look like during the In the Early 20th century?
The concept of conservation gained traction
Economic → Environmental consciousness
What did development look like Post-World War 2?
Economic growth and tech advancements led to increased pollution and resource depletion
Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring (mother of envi movement)
Highlighted the dangers of pesticide use
Introduction of the precautionary principle
What happened during the emergence of modern environmentalism (1970s)?
Global awareness of envi issues began
Creation of Envi Protection Energy (EPA) - Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act, etc.
Envi impact assessments (EIA) were introduced
Global Envi treaties began to take shape –> transboundary pollution and biodiversity conservation
What happened during the rise of global environmental governance (80s-90s)?
[1980s]
- Brundtland Report (Our Common Future) - (1987) → where sustainable development was coined
*Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987)
[1990s]
- Agenda 21: A comprehensive action plan for sustainable development at the global, national, and local levels.
- Rio Declaration: 27 principles aimed at guiding future
sustainable development efforts.
*Kyoto Protocol - very first global agreement (GHG)
What is the UN Brundtland’s definition of sus dev?
“development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”
What are the 3 pillars of sus dev?
envi protection and enhancement, social progress, econ dev
T or F: Agenda 21 was a comprehensive plan of action to build a localized partnership for sus dev to improve human lives and protect the environment
False (global partnership)
T or F: The Philippine Agenda 21 advocates a fundamental shift in dev thinking and approach
True
How does the Philippine Agenda 21 promote harmony and achieve sus? (3)
- area-based interventions
- integrated island development approaches where applicable
- people and integrity of nature at the center of dev initiatives
The Philippine Agenda 21 envisions a better quality of life for all within _____
the limits of the carrying capacity of nature and the integrity of creation
What does carrying capacity of nature mean?
Carrying capacity can be defined as a species’ average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource rebounds.
What does integrity of creation mean?
The Integrity of Creation is defined as the value of all creatures in themselves, for one another, and for God, and their interconnectedness in a diverse whole that has unique value for God.
How is the Kyoto Protocol different from the Paris Climate Agreement?
Kyoto: only binds developed countries, and
places a heavier burden on them to limit and reduce GHG emissions
Paris: all countries need to participate in (1) to hold “the increase in the global average temperature
to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and (2) pursue efforts “to limit the temperature increase to
1.5°C above pre-industrial levels.”
