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Zoology > Environmental Issues > Flashcards

Environmental Issues Flashcards

1
Q

Define Pollution

A

Undesirable change in physical, chemical or biological changes in air, water and soil

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2
Q

Act to reduce environmental pollution

A

Environment Pollution Act (1986)

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3
Q

Methods to remove

1) particulate matter
2) gases like SO2

A

1) Electrostatic Precipitator ( discharge corona )

2) Scrubber ( spray of water or lime )

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4
Q

Expand CPCB and which particulate size is harmful for humans

A

CPCB - Central Pollution Control Board

particulate size of 2.5 Micro meters or less is harmful

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5
Q

What are catalytic converters made of

which type of fuel should be used in them

A

Made of expensive metals like Pt - Pd and Rh as catalysts

Lead free fuel must be used as lead inactivates the catalysts

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6
Q

Reaction in catalytic converters

A

Unburnt hydrocarbons –> CO2 and water

CO —> CO2 NO —> N2

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7
Q

When did Air ( Prevention and control of Pollution ) Act
come into force
When and why was it amended

A

1981
Amended in 1987 to include noise as air pollutant
above 90 Db is noise pollution

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8
Q

Effects of Noise pollution ( 150 , 120 , 90 )

A

150 Db - deafness or permanent damage
120 Db - pain and gradual hearing loss
90 Db - hazardous in long term
insomnia and change in breathing pattern

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9
Q

What was Delhi’s placement in 1990s in most polluted cities

A

Delhi placed 4th of 41 most polluted cities

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10
Q

By which year did Delhi shift buses to CNG

A

2002 on order of supreme court after PIL

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11
Q

Pros and Cons of CNG transport

A

Pros - Burns efficiently, cheap , No adulteration

Cons - Transport and Distribution

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12
Q

Measures taken by Delhi to curb Air pollution

A

CNG in public transport , Phasing out of old vehicles,

Unleaded petrol, Low sulphur petrol, Catalytic converters

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13
Q

Sulphur and Aromatic content acc to Euro 3 norms

A

Sulphur : 350 ppm in diesel
150 ppm in petrol
Aromatic content : 42%

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14
Q

Final Goal by roadmap in India’s Auto fuel policy

A

Sulphur : 50 ppm

Aromatic content : 35%

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15
Q

When was the Bharat Stage 4 implemented

A

April 2017

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16
Q

During which period was there a substantial fall in CO2 and SO2 levels in delhi

A

1997 - 2005

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17
Q

When did Water ( Prevention and Control of Pollution) act come into force

A

1974

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18
Q

Expand DDT and BHC

A

DDT - Dichloro Diphenyly trichloro ethane

BHC - Beta Hexa chloride

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19
Q

What is primary constituent of domestic sewage

A

Biodegradable organic matter and salts like phosphates nitrates and other nutrients

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20
Q

Why is there a BOD when sewage is discharged

A

microbes involved in biodegradation consume a lot of oxygen which causes a BOD and kills the fish

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21
Q

Explain algal bloom and its effects

A

Increase in planktonic algae due to increase in nutrients from Sewage
they give a colour to water bodies are toxic and deteriorate water quality

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22
Q

what is terror of bengal

A

eichhornia crassipes ( water hyacinth ) introduced for its flowers cause havoc due to excessive growth in eutrophic bodies and blockage of pathways

23
Q

What is present in industrial sewage

A

Heavy metals ( density > 5 g/cc) like Hg Cu Pb and organic compounds

24
Q

Effects of Biomagnification of DDT in birds

A

disturbance of calcium metabolism causing thinning of egg shells

25
Q

Eutrophication

A

Natural aging of lakes by addition of nutrients and increasing fertility

26
Q

How does eutrophication occur

entire process

A

As nutrients increase, Animal life increases , organic matter is deposited on bottom of the lake, lake becomes shallower and warmer, warm water organisms upstage the earlier cold water ones, marsh plants fill the basin, floating plants ( bog ) convert it to land

27
Q

What are prime contaminants that cause Eutrophication

A

Nitrates and Phosphates which are plant nutrients

28
Q

Accelerated Eutrophication

A

Artificial eutrophication
overstimulate algae increasing BOD killing fish
whose decomposition cause more BOD
causing lake to choke to death

29
Q

Effects of Thermal Waste water

A

Kills organisms sensitive to high temperature

Kills native organisms in cold areas but enhances growth of different flora and fauna due to normal temperatures

30
Q

what does addition of chemical fertilisers do to an aquatic ecosystem

A

Eutrophication

31
Q

what are 2 stages of integrated waste water treatment process

A

1) conventional sedimentation, filtering and chlorine treatment. heavy metals still remain
2) water flows through marshlands which absorb assimilate and neutralise these pollutants

32
Q

How large are the marshlands in integrated waste water treatment process

A

6 connected marshes of over 60 hectares of land

rich in biodiversity

33
Q

Expand FOAM

A

Friends of Arcata marsh, they protect the marshes as they are rich in biodiversity

34
Q

Explain Ecological Sanitation

A

Handling human waste using dry composting toilets

where it is recycled into natural fertiliser

35
Q

Where and Why is EcoSan toilets used

A

Kerala and Sri Lanka

they are practical, hygienic, cost effective, water efficient

36
Q

What are solid wastes

A

anything that goes out in the trash

37
Q

what is municipal solid waste composed of

A

Paper, food wastes, plastics, glass, metals, rubber, textile from
homes, stores, hospitals, schools

38
Q

Pros and cons of Burning dumps

A

Pros - reduces volume of trash
Cons - Air pollution, dumps become breeding grounds
when not burnt properly

39
Q

Pros and Cons of Sanitary landfills

A

Pros - waste is dumped in a trench then covered with dirt

Cons - Soil and underground water pollution, cant keep up with garbage generation

40
Q

what are 3 kinds of solid wastes and who separates them

A

Biodegradable, non - biodegradable, Recyclable

Rag pickers or kabadiwallahs

41
Q

What is best way to dispose of hospital waste

A

Incinerators

42
Q

What do we get from E wastes

A

Metals like Cu Fe Si Ni and Au are recycled

43
Q

Cons of E waste

A

Recycling is the only solution for E waste

but in developing countries manual labour is used and they are exposed to toxic substances in E waste

44
Q

Who invented polyblend

A

Ahmed khan

45
Q

how is polyblend useful

A

It increases water repellent properties of Bitumen (used to lay roads ) and increases road life by 3

46
Q

What did Ramesh Chandra Dagar do

A

started Haryana Kisan Welfare club

47
Q

What are the 2 reasons nuclear energy is bad

A

1) Accidental leakages Ex: Chernobyl, 3 mile island

2) Lack of safe disposal of radioactive wastes

48
Q

Which method of disposal of radioactive waste is recommended

A

After Pre treatment Radioactive waste must be buried within shielded containers buried within the rocks at 500 m deep

49
Q

What is Greenhouse Effect?

A

Naturally occurring phenomenon that is responsible for heating of Earth’s atmosphere and surface

50
Q

What would be the Earths temperature if Greenhouse effect was absent

A

chilly - 18 degrees C instead of 15 degrees C

51
Q

Fate of incoming solar radiation

A

1/4 th of the Incoming solar radiation is reflected by clouds and some is absorbed, half of incoming solar radiation reaches the surface

52
Q

In which form does Earths surface re emit solar radiation and what happens to it

A

In form of infra red radiation majority of it is absorbed by the green house gases

53
Q

Relative contribution of greenhouse gases

A

60% Carbon dioxide 20% Methane 14% CFCs 6% N2O

Zoology (2 decks)

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