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ACVPM 2024 > Environmental Health & Toxicology > Flashcards

Environmental Health & Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 steps of IPM?

A
  1. Pest identification
  2. Set action thresholds
  3. Monitor
  4. Prevention
  5. Control
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2
Q

4 stages of mosquito development

A

Eggs
Larvae
Pupae
Adults

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3
Q

Propagative transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

A

pathogen undergoes multiplication only in mosquito

ex: arboviruses

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4
Q

Cyclodevelopmental transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

A

agent progresses through developmental stages in the mosquito

ex: dirofilaria

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5
Q

Cyclopropagative transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

A

agent undergoes multiplication and development in the mosquito

ex: trypanosomiasis

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6
Q

Mechanical transmission (mosquitoes): definition and example

A

vector isn’t infected. no multiplication or development.

ex: contamination of food by flies

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7
Q

Transovarial transmission examples

A

La Crosse virus
RMSF
Rift Valley Fever

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8
Q

Transovum transmission examples

A

St. Louis Encaphalitis Virus
Dengue

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9
Q

Transstadial transmission example

A

Lyme

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10
Q

Horizontal transmission example (mosq)

A

WNV

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11
Q

3 biological mosquito larvae control types

A
  1. mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
  2. Bacillus thuringensis
  3. Entomopathogenic fungi
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12
Q

What mosq sp are Gravid Traps best for?

A

Culex spp

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13
Q

What mosq sp are BG light traps best for?

A

mosq that primarily feed on humans

e.g. Aedes albopictus

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14
Q

Diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti

A

CHIK, DEN, ZIKA, YF

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15
Q

Diseases transmitted by Aedes albopictus

A

CHIK, DEN, dirofilaria

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16
Q

Diseases transmitted by Aedes triseriatus

A

LACV

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17
Q

Diseases transmitted by Anopheles spp

A

Malaria, Filariasis

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18
Q

Diseases transmitted by Culex spp

A

WNV, SLE, JE, some alphaviruses (EEE/WEE/VEE/)

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19
Q

Typical DEET concentrations in products

A

4-100%; CDC says no additional benefit after 50%

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20
Q

Typical permethrin concentrations in products

A

0.5%

21
Q

Example of a one-host tick and what disease does it vector?

A

Rhipicephalus annulatus

Babesiosis

22
Q

Example of a two-host tick and what disease does it vector?

A

Hyalomma marginatum

Crimean-Congo hemmorrhagic fever

23
Q

Diseases that Ctenocephalides felis (cat flea) transmits

A

Bartonella
Flea-borne (murine) typhus
Tapeworms

24
Q

Disease that Oropsylla montana (ground squirrel flea) transmits

A

Plague

25
Q

Disease that Xenopsylla cheopis (oriental rat flea…) transmits

A

Plague (globally, not really in US)

26
Q

example of disinfectant co-regulated by FDA and EPA

A

Chlorhexidine

27
Q

What water hardness level will neutralize detergents?

A

> 85 ppm

28
Q

Liquid manure solids content (%)

A

<= 10% solids content

29
Q

Most dangerous gas that can build up in swine manure pits

A

Hydrogen sulfide

30
Q

Semisolid manure solids content (%)

A

10-20% solids content

31
Q

Solid manure solids content (%)

A

20-25% + solids content

32
Q

Fungal sources of Aflatoxins

A

Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus

33
Q

Fungal sources of Ochratoxin A

A

Aspergillus and Penicillium

34
Q

Fungal sources of Patulin

A

Penicillium, Aspergillus, & Byssochlamys

35
Q

Fungal sources of Fumonisins

A

Fusarium verticillioides and proliferatum

36
Q

Fungal sources of Deoxynivalenol

A

Fusarium roseum

37
Q

What law/reg established NIMS?

A

Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 (2003)

38
Q

What are the 4 Section Chiefs in ICS?

A

Operations
Logistics
Planning
Finance

39
Q

What law established NAHLN?

A

Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act (2002)

40
Q

What did HSPD-5 do?

A

Established NIMS & NRF

41
Q

What did HSPD-7 do?

A

Established that Agriculture is critical infrastructure

42
Q

What did HSPD-9 do?

A

“Defense of United States Agriculture and Food”

Established National Veterinary Stockpile

43
Q

What are ESFs part of?

A

National Response Framework (NRF)

44
Q

Which ESF is Agriculture-Related

A

ESF 11

45
Q

What is ESF 10 regarding?

A

Hazardous materials

46
Q

Who is primary agency for ESF 11?

A

USDA

w/Dept of Interior

47
Q

Who is primary agency for ESF 10?

A

EPA

w/DHS, US Coast Guard

48
Q
A

ACVPM 2024 (6 decks)

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