Environmental Health

Question 1

Name some chemical hazards

Answer 1

Cleaning products, cigarette smoke, lead in drinking water, bisphenol A, carbon monoxide

Question 2

Name some biological hazards

Answer 2

Tuberculossis, zika, influenza, salmonella, animals

Question 3

Name some physical hazards

Answer 3

Ultraviolet radiation, musculoskeletal, noise, vibration, cell phone radiation

Question 4

How many chemicals are there in U.S. commerce?

Answer 4

3,000

Question 5

Of the 3000 chemicals used in high production volume (HPV), what percent have basic risk information?

Answer 5

7% of HPV chemicals have all basic risk information

Question 6

Globally, rivers that serve ___ million/billion people are plagued by chemical, biological, and physical hazards?

Answer 6

> 5 billion people

Question 7

How many Americans live in areas that exceed national air quality standards of pollution?

Answer 7

127 million Americans

Question 8

How many liters of air do you inhale per day?

Answer 8

11,000 liters

Question 9

What % of global death/disease is due to environmental hazards?

Answer 9

25% in adults and 33% in children

Question 10

The exposure-disease model of environmental health follows the pathway…

Answer 10

Source -> movement of pollutants -> human exposure -> dose -> adverse health effects

Question 11

What is environmental health?

Answer 11

All aspects of human health, including quality of life, as determined by factors in the environment; this includes physical, biological, social, and psychological factors

Question 12

What’s driving environmental health issues?

Answer 12

Population growth

Question 13

The carrying capacity of the earth is…

Answer 13

2-40 billion people

Question 14

What is a hazard?

Answer 14

Something capable of harming human health

Question 15

What is source in terms of environmental health?

Answer 15

The location or point from which a hazard originates

Question 16

What are pathways?

Answer 16

How hazards travel from a source to humans

Question 17

What is exposure?

Answer 17

The amount of contact with a hazard

Question 18

What is dose?

Answer 18

The amount of agent actually deposited within or imparted onto the body

Question 19

What is response?

Answer 19

The biological response to an agent

Question 20

What is environmental fate?

Answer 20

The pathways that environmental pollutants take

Question 21

What is an exposure route?

Answer 21

How a hazard gets into your body once it reaches you

Question 22

What are the 4 types of exposure routes?

Answer 22

Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, skin absorption

Question 23

What is exposure assessment?

Answer 23

A measurement or estimation of human exposure

Question 24

What are the key components of an exposure assessment?

Answer 24

Magnitude, frequency, duration

Question 25

What is magnitude?

Answer 25

How much of an agent there is

Question 26

What is frequency?

Answer 26

How often contact with a hazard occurs

Question 27

What is duration?

Answer 27

How long contact with a hazard lasts

Question 28

What is simple exposure?

Answer 28

A single short-duration, known exposure that is well documented

Question 29

What is complex exposure?

Answer 29

Mixture of agents and high variability in exposure

Question 30

Exposure leads to…

Answer 30

Dose

Question 31

What is a dose-response assessment?

Answer 31

Characterizing of relationships between varying exposures and adverse effects in exposed populations

Question 32

What are some examples of adverse health effects from environmental hazards?

Answer 32

Obesity, asphyxiation, asthma, death, GI illness, hearing loss, injuries, skin cancer, lung cancer, reproductive effects, skin rash, thyroid cancer, zika virus