Environmental Health Flashcards

1
Q

Name some chemical hazards

A

Cleaning products, cigarette smoke, lead in drinking water, bisphenol A, carbon monoxide

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2
Q

Name some biological hazards

A

Tuberculossis, zika, influenza, salmonella, animals

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3
Q

Name some physical hazards

A

Ultraviolet radiation, musculoskeletal, noise, vibration, cell phone radiation

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4
Q

How many chemicals are there in U.S. commerce?

A

3,000

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5
Q

Of the 3000 chemicals used in high production volume (HPV), what percent have basic risk information?

A

7% of HPV chemicals have all basic risk information

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6
Q

Globally, rivers that serve ___ million/billion people are plagued by chemical, biological, and physical hazards?

A

> 5 billion people

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7
Q

How many Americans live in areas that exceed national air quality standards of pollution?

A

127 million Americans

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8
Q

How many liters of air do you inhale per day?

A

11,000 liters

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9
Q

What % of global death/disease is due to environmental hazards?

A

25% in adults and 33% in children

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10
Q

The exposure-disease model of environmental health follows the pathway…

A

Source -> movement of pollutants -> human exposure -> dose -> adverse health effects

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11
Q

What is environmental health?

A

All aspects of human health, including quality of life, as determined by factors in the environment; this includes physical, biological, social, and psychological factors

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12
Q

What’s driving environmental health issues?

A

Population growth

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13
Q

The carrying capacity of the earth is…

A

2-40 billion people

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14
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Something capable of harming human health

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15
Q

What is source in terms of environmental health?

A

The location or point from which a hazard originates

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16
Q

What are pathways?

A

How hazards travel from a source to humans

17
Q

What is exposure?

A

The amount of contact with a hazard

18
Q

What is dose?

A

The amount of agent actually deposited within or imparted onto the body

19
Q

What is response?

A

The biological response to an agent

20
Q

What is environmental fate?

A

The pathways that environmental pollutants take

21
Q

What is an exposure route?

A

How a hazard gets into your body once it reaches you

22
Q

What are the 4 types of exposure routes?

A

Inhalation, ingestion, skin contact, skin absorption

23
Q

What is exposure assessment?

A

A measurement or estimation of human exposure

24
Q

What are the key components of an exposure assessment?

A

Magnitude, frequency, duration

25
What is magnitude?
How much of an agent there is
26
What is frequency?
How often contact with a hazard occurs
27
What is duration?
How long contact with a hazard lasts
28
What is simple exposure?
A single short-duration, known exposure that is well documented
29
What is complex exposure?
Mixture of agents and high variability in exposure
30
Exposure leads to...
Dose
31
What is a dose-response assessment?
Characterizing of relationships between varying exposures and adverse effects in exposed populations
32
What are some examples of adverse health effects from environmental hazards?
Obesity, asphyxiation, asthma, death, GI illness, hearing loss, injuries, skin cancer, lung cancer, reproductive effects, skin rash, thyroid cancer, zika virus