ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING CROP PRODUCTION

Question 1

ABIOTIC FACTORS

Answer 1

1) climatic
2) edaphic
3) climatic stress

Question 2

BIOTIC FACTORS

Answer 2

1) beneficial organisms
2) pests
3) allelopathy

Question 3

WEATHER

Answer 3

1) set of all extant phenomena in a given atmosphere at a given time
2) over short periods

Question 4

CLIMATE

Answer 4

average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time

Question 5

CLIMATIC FACTORS

Answer 5

1) solar radiation
2) temperature
3) wind movement
4) precipitation
5) relative humidity
6) mist and fog

Question 6

SOLAR RADIATION

Answer 6

rate at which surfaces absorb radiation (watt/m2)

Question 7

ASPECTS OF IRRADIANCE

Answer 7

1) intensity (lux/foot candles)
2) duration (hours/day)
3) wavelength (nanometer/color)

Question 8

PHOTOENERGETIC EFFECT

Answer 8

direct effect of solar radiation on photosynthesis

Question 9

PHYTOCYBERNETIC EFFECT

Answer 9

effect of solar radiation on development of plants

Question 10

TOTAL DRY MATTER

Answer 10

influenced by intercepted radiation

Question 11

RED AND BLUE WAVELENGTHS

Answer 11

photosynthesis

Question 12

RED AND FAR RED WAVELENGTHS

Answer 12

photoperiodism

Question 13

SOLAR CONSTANT

Answer 13

1) amount of solar radiation reaching outer limits of earth’s atmosphere
2) 2.0 cal/cm2/min (15% fluctuation within the year)

Question 14

PAR

Answer 14

1) PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
2) used by plants for CO2 fixation in photosynthesis

Question 15

SUN-LOVING PLANTS

Answer 15

heliophythes

Question 16

SHADE-LOVING PLANTS

Answer 16

sciophythes

Question 17

ALBEDO

Answer 17

1) reflected radiation
2) total incident light
=> 50-60% (polar regions)
=> 20-30% (tropical equatorial regions)
=> 80% (when reaches ground in absence of clouds)

Question 18

INCREASES AS LATITUDE FROM EQUATOR INCREASES

Answer 18

daylength

Question 19

FACTORS AFFECTED BY DAYLENGTH

Answer 19

1) flowering (photoperiodism)
2) germination (photoblastism)

Question 20

FACTORS AFFECTING TEMPERATURE

Answer 20

1) solar radiation
2) surrounding land masses and bodies of water
3) altitude (0.6 decrease per 100 m rise in elevation)

Question 21

CROPS AND TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENT

Answer 21

1) cool season (cole crops)
2) warm season (rice, banana)
3) tropical (coconut)
4) sub-tropical (citrus)

Question 22

INFLUENCES OF GROWING DEGREE DAYS (GDD) ON CROP DEVELOPMENT

Answer 22

1) maturity determination
2) prediction on suitability of crops in an environment
3) risk prediction for crops in specific area
4) determination of sowing date

Question 23

EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE IN PLANT GROWTH

Answer 23

1) wilting
2) leaf burn
3) leaf folding
4) abscission
5) slow growth rate
6) tissue desiccation
7) protein denaturation
8) loss of membrane integrity
9) photoinhibition
10) ion imbalance

Question 24

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

Answer 24

influence disease and pest incidence

Question 25

PERISAHBLES

Answer 25

prone to wilting

Question 26

DURABLES

Answer 26

1) difficulty in drying
2) susceptible to molds

Question 27

INFLUENCE OF WIND MOVEMENT IN PLANT GROWTH

Answer 27

1) lodging
2) transpiration
3) plant form
4) sterility due to loss of pollens
5) reduced CO2 levels
6) disease spore dispersal

Question 28

PRECIPITATION

Answer 28

condensation in the atmosphere

Question 29

DEW

Answer 29

condensation at the surface

Question 30

INFLUENCE OF WATER IN PLANT GROWTH

Answer 30

1) reactant in biological processes
2) medium of transport of nutrients
3) temperature regulator

Question 31

DESERT PLANTS

Answer 31

xerophytes

Question 32

AQUATIC PLANTS

Answer 32

hydrophyhtes

Question 33

LAND PLANTS

Answer 33

mesophytes

Question 34

AFFECTS SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION

Answer 34

air circulation

Question 35

AFFECTS AMOUNT AND DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

Answer 35

topography

Question 36

INLFUENCES PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS

Answer 36

moisture

Question 37

RAIN FORMATION REQUIREMENT

Answer 37

1) high relative humidity
2) sufficient low temperature
3) condensation nuclei
4) sufficient low pressure

Question 38

INFRARED RADIATION

Answer 38

1) electromagnetic radiation
2) wavelength longer than visible light and shorter than microwaves
3) felt as heat

Question 39

CARBON DIOXIDE

Answer 39

1) absorbs infrared radiation due to vibrations

Question 40

GREENHOUSE GASES

Answer 40

efficient absorbents of infrared radiation lights

Question 41

IMPORTANT GREENHOUSE GASES

Answer 41

1) carbon dioxide
2) methane
3) nitrous oxide
4) chlorofluorocarbons

Question 42

CLIMATE CHANGE

Answer 42

increase in average surface temperature due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases

Question 43

AIR POLLUTANTS

Answer 43

1) carbon monoxide
2) carbon dioxide
3) dust, soot, heavy metals
4) sulfur dioxide
5) phytochemical smog (O3, PAN, N2O)

Question 44

GOOD OZONE

Answer 44

1) 6-30 miles above earth’s surface
2) protective layer against ultraviolet rays

Question 45

BAD OZONE

Answer 45

1) near ground level
2) formed from pollutants emitted by car, power plants, industries
3) harmful air pollutant

Question 46

KOPPEN’S CLASSIFICATION

Answer 46

1) climate classification based on precipitation and temperature
2) PHL as tropical and rainy

Question 47

THORNTHWAITE’S CLASSIFICATION

Answer 47

1) climate classification based on difference between the mean

Question 48

MODIFIED CORONA CLASSIFICATION

Answer 48

1) climate classification based on precipitation
2) PHL with four basic types of climate

Question 49

TWO PRONOUNCED SEASON; DRY FROM NOV TO APRIL

Answer 49

TYPE 1

Question 50

NO DRY SEASON; MAXIMUM RAIN FROM NOV TO JAN

Answer 50

TYPE 2

Question 51

SEASONS NOT VERY PRONOUNCED

Answer 51

TYPE 3

Question 52

RAINFALL EVENLY DISTRIBUTED

Answer 52

TYPE 4