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AGRI 31 (3RD LECTURE EXAM) > ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING CROP PRODUCTION > Flashcards

ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING CROP PRODUCTION Flashcards

1
Q

ABIOTIC FACTORS

A

1) climatic
2) edaphic
3) climatic stress

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2
Q

BIOTIC FACTORS

A

1) beneficial organisms
2) pests
3) allelopathy

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3
Q

WEATHER

A

1) set of all extant phenomena in a given atmosphere at a given time
2) over short periods

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4
Q

CLIMATE

A

average atmospheric conditions over longer periods of time

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5
Q

CLIMATIC FACTORS

A

1) solar radiation
2) temperature
3) wind movement
4) precipitation
5) relative humidity
6) mist and fog

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6
Q

SOLAR RADIATION

A

rate at which surfaces absorb radiation (watt/m2)

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7
Q

ASPECTS OF IRRADIANCE

A

1) intensity (lux/foot candles)
2) duration (hours/day)
3) wavelength (nanometer/color)

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8
Q

PHOTOENERGETIC EFFECT

A

direct effect of solar radiation on photosynthesis

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9
Q

PHYTOCYBERNETIC EFFECT

A

effect of solar radiation on development of plants

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10
Q

TOTAL DRY MATTER

A

influenced by intercepted radiation

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11
Q

RED AND BLUE WAVELENGTHS

A

photosynthesis

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12
Q

RED AND FAR RED WAVELENGTHS

A

photoperiodism

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13
Q

SOLAR CONSTANT

A

1) amount of solar radiation reaching outer limits of earth’s atmosphere
2) 2.0 cal/cm2/min (15% fluctuation within the year)

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14
Q

PAR

A

1) PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION
2) used by plants for CO2 fixation in photosynthesis

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15
Q

SUN-LOVING PLANTS

A

heliophythes

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16
Q

SHADE-LOVING PLANTS

A

sciophythes

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17
Q

ALBEDO

A

1) reflected radiation
2) total incident light
=> 50-60% (polar regions)
=> 20-30% (tropical equatorial regions)
=> 80% (when reaches ground in absence of clouds)

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18
Q

INCREASES AS LATITUDE FROM EQUATOR INCREASES

A

daylength

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19
Q

FACTORS AFFECTED BY DAYLENGTH

A

1) flowering (photoperiodism)
2) germination (photoblastism)

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20
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING TEMPERATURE

A

1) solar radiation
2) surrounding land masses and bodies of water
3) altitude (0.6 decrease per 100 m rise in elevation)

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21
Q

CROPS AND TEMPERATURE REQUIREMENT

A

1) cool season (cole crops)
2) warm season (rice, banana)
3) tropical (coconut)
4) sub-tropical (citrus)

22
Q

INFLUENCES OF GROWING DEGREE DAYS (GDD) ON CROP DEVELOPMENT

A

1) maturity determination
2) prediction on suitability of crops in an environment
3) risk prediction for crops in specific area
4) determination of sowing date

23
Q

EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE IN PLANT GROWTH

A

1) wilting
2) leaf burn
3) leaf folding
4) abscission
5) slow growth rate
6) tissue desiccation
7) protein denaturation
8) loss of membrane integrity
9) photoinhibition
10) ion imbalance

24
Q

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

A

influence disease and pest incidence

25
Q

PERISAHBLES

A

prone to wilting

26
Q

DURABLES

A

1) difficulty in drying
2) susceptible to molds

27
Q

INFLUENCE OF WIND MOVEMENT IN PLANT GROWTH

A

1) lodging
2) transpiration
3) plant form
4) sterility due to loss of pollens
5) reduced CO2 levels
6) disease spore dispersal

28
Q

PRECIPITATION

A

condensation in the atmosphere

29
Q

DEW

A

condensation at the surface

30
Q

INFLUENCE OF WATER IN PLANT GROWTH

A

1) reactant in biological processes
2) medium of transport of nutrients
3) temperature regulator

31
Q

DESERT PLANTS

A

xerophytes

32
Q

AQUATIC PLANTS

A

hydrophyhtes

33
Q

LAND PLANTS

A

mesophytes

34
Q

AFFECTS SEASONAL DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION

A

air circulation

35
Q

AFFECTS AMOUNT AND DISTRIBUTION OF RAINFALL

A

topography

36
Q

INLFUENCES PHYTOGEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS

A

moisture

37
Q

RAIN FORMATION REQUIREMENT

A

1) high relative humidity
2) sufficient low temperature
3) condensation nuclei
4) sufficient low pressure

38
Q

INFRARED RADIATION

A

1) electromagnetic radiation
2) wavelength longer than visible light and shorter than microwaves
3) felt as heat

39
Q

CARBON DIOXIDE

A

1) absorbs infrared radiation due to vibrations

40
Q

GREENHOUSE GASES

A

efficient absorbents of infrared radiation lights

41
Q

IMPORTANT GREENHOUSE GASES

A

1) carbon dioxide
2) methane
3) nitrous oxide
4) chlorofluorocarbons

42
Q

CLIMATE CHANGE

A

increase in average surface temperature due to rising concentrations of greenhouse gases

43
Q

AIR POLLUTANTS

A

1) carbon monoxide
2) carbon dioxide
3) dust, soot, heavy metals
4) sulfur dioxide
5) phytochemical smog (O3, PAN, N2O)

44
Q

GOOD OZONE

A

1) 6-30 miles above earth’s surface
2) protective layer against ultraviolet rays

45
Q

BAD OZONE

A

1) near ground level
2) formed from pollutants emitted by car, power plants, industries
3) harmful air pollutant

46
Q

KOPPEN’S CLASSIFICATION

A

1) climate classification based on precipitation and temperature
2) PHL as tropical and rainy

47
Q

THORNTHWAITE’S CLASSIFICATION

A

1) climate classification based on difference between the mean

48
Q

MODIFIED CORONA CLASSIFICATION

A

1) climate classification based on precipitation
2) PHL with four basic types of climate

49
Q

TWO PRONOUNCED SEASON; DRY FROM NOV TO APRIL

A

TYPE 1

50
Q

NO DRY SEASON; MAXIMUM RAIN FROM NOV TO JAN

A

TYPE 2

51
Q

SEASONS NOT VERY PRONOUNCED

A

TYPE 3

52
Q

RAINFALL EVENLY DISTRIBUTED

A

TYPE 4

AGRI 31 (3RD LECTURE EXAM) (6 decks)

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