Environmental Deterioration Flashcards
What are the components of the environment
Physical Resources
Space
Natural amenities
What are the 7 problems with environmental deterioration
Pollution
Overexploitation of natural resources
Loss of diversity
Waste management
Land degradation
Climate change
Overpopulation
What is pollution
The introduction of waste matter into the environment
What are externalities
The costs and benefits that are captured by market transactions and can be positive or negative
What are the 6 ways to protect the environment
Technological innovation
Price policy
Public opinion
Government action
Vehicle emissions
Industrial waste
What are 2 preservation methods
Charging for the use of the environment
Education
What are the 6 preservation methods
Voluntary agreements
Policies including granting property rights
Marketable permits
Command and control
Environmental taxes
Environmental subsidies
What are the 9 approaches for sustainability
Environmental management approach
Ecosystem approach
Management of human consumption approach
Private property rights
Focus on externalities
Command and control system
Voluntary environmental agreements
Environmental taxes and subsidies
Education
What are the 4 GLOBAL brown issues
Water pollution and water scarcity
Air pollution
Solid and hazardous waste
Land degredation
What are the 3 GLOBAL green issues
Deforestation
Loss of biodiversity
Atmospheric and climate changes
What are the 3 LOCAL brown issues
Increased air pollution
Increased soil erosion
Increased consumption of natural capital
What are the 3 LOCAL green issues
Increased loss of biodiversity
Climate change
Deteriorating freshwater resources
What are the 3 measures to ensure environmental sustainability
Market allocations
Public sector involvement
Public sector control
What are the 4 aspects of market allocations
Market failure
Externalities
Lack of knowledge
Carelessness
What are the 5 aspects of public sector involvement
Granting property rights
Charging for the use of the environment
Environmental taxes
Environmental subsidies
Marketable permits