Environmental Deterioration Flashcards

1
Q

What are the components of the environment

A

Physical Resources
Space
Natural amenities

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2
Q

What are the 7 problems with environmental deterioration

A

Pollution
Overexploitation of natural resources
Loss of diversity
Waste management
Land degradation
Climate change
Overpopulation

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3
Q

What is pollution

A

The introduction of waste matter into the environment

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4
Q

What are externalities

A

The costs and benefits that are captured by market transactions and can be positive or negative

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5
Q

What are the 6 ways to protect the environment

A

Technological innovation
Price policy
Public opinion
Government action
Vehicle emissions
Industrial waste

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6
Q

What are 2 preservation methods

A

Charging for the use of the environment
Education

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7
Q

What are the 6 preservation methods

A

Voluntary agreements
Policies including granting property rights
Marketable permits
Command and control
Environmental taxes
Environmental subsidies

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8
Q

What are the 9 approaches for sustainability

A

Environmental management approach
Ecosystem approach
Management of human consumption approach
Private property rights
Focus on externalities
Command and control system
Voluntary environmental agreements
Environmental taxes and subsidies
Education

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9
Q

What are the 4 GLOBAL brown issues

A

Water pollution and water scarcity
Air pollution
Solid and hazardous waste
Land degredation

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10
Q

What are the 3 GLOBAL green issues

A

Deforestation
Loss of biodiversity
Atmospheric and climate changes

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11
Q

What are the 3 LOCAL brown issues

A

Increased air pollution
Increased soil erosion
Increased consumption of natural capital

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12
Q

What are the 3 LOCAL green issues

A

Increased loss of biodiversity
Climate change
Deteriorating freshwater resources

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13
Q

What are the 3 measures to ensure environmental sustainability

A

Market allocations
Public sector involvement
Public sector control

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14
Q

What are the 4 aspects of market allocations

A

Market failure
Externalities
Lack of knowledge
Carelessness

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15
Q

What are the 5 aspects of public sector involvement

A

Granting property rights
Charging for the use of the environment
Environmental taxes
Environmental subsidies
Marketable permits

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