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Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four layers of the earth?

A

Inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

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2
Q

Where is the crust and whats it made out of?

A

Its the outside edge, and its covered by landmass and water

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3
Q

Whats the mantle made out of?

A

Mainly aluminium

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4
Q

What happens in the mantle?

A

It can flow and there is movement in the cooler part of the mantle

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5
Q

What is the outer core made out of?

A

Molten iron

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6
Q

What is the inner core made out of?

A

Hot solid iron

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7
Q

What percentage of the atmospheres made out of Nitrogen ( N2)?

A

78%

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8
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere is made out of Oxygen (O2)?

A

21%

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9
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere is made out of Carbon Dioxide ( CO2)?

A

0.04%

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10
Q

What percentage of the atmosphere is made out of others?

A

1.06%

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11
Q

What order are the layers of the atmosphere in?

A

Thermosphere
Mesophere
Stratosphere
Trosophere

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12
Q

How gar away from the surface is the trosophere?

A

10km

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13
Q

How far away from the surface is the Stratosphere?

A

50km

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14
Q

What does the stratosphere contain?

A

The Ozone layers

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15
Q

How far away from the surface is the mesophere from the surface?

A

80km

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16
Q

What temperature is the mesophere?

A

-100°C

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17
Q

How far away from the surface is the Thermosphere?

A

500km+

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18
Q

What happens in the thermosphere?

A

The northern lights

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19
Q

What are the six processes in the Carbon Cycle?

A

Combustion, Photosynthesis, Respiration, Decomposition, Fossilization and Dissolving

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20
Q

What things give off combustion in the Carbon Cycle?

A

Factory and Lorry/Car

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21
Q

What things repsire in the Carbon Cycle?

A

Cow/Animal and the tree/plant

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22
Q

What things decompse in the Carbon Cycle?

A

Tree/Plant and the cow

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23
Q

What things in the Carbon Cycle use Fossil Fuels?

A

Factory and the Lorry/Car

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24
Q

What does the arrow that bounces off the earth do mean?

A

The atmosphere absorbs and reflects some radiation

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25
What does the arrow that hits the earth do?
The sun warms the earth
26
What does the arrow that bounces off and goes back in do?
The atmosphere radiates some of the radiation from the earths surface
27
What does the arrow that does the arrow the goes off the earth do?
The earths surface emits radiation
28
What is global warming?
The increase of global average temperature
29
What has caused global warming?
Excessive burning of fossil fuels and large scale deforestation
30
What are the advantages of recycling?
* We stop looking for/ using new materials * Re-use materials = less waste to landfills * Less pollution / waste * Less harm to habitats / food chains
31
What are the disadvantages of recycling?
* Some of it goes to landfills * Costs money to process * Uses a lot of energy (fossil fuels) * Pollution (Co2)
32
What are the processes in the rock cycle?
Eruption, Rainfall, Transport, Uplift and Sedimentation
33
What are the four types of rock in the rock cycle?
Extrusive Igneous, Intrusive Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary
34
How is Sedimentary rock formed?
Sand and mud sink to the bottom of the sea, and form layers, which over billions of years the pressure from layers above cause chemical reactions and sedimentary rocks to form
35
What is Sedimentary rock made out of?
Cement / minerals
36
What texture is sedimentary rock?
Its soft and flaky
37
What are examples of sedimentary rocks?
Limestone and Chalk
38
What is metamorphic rock made out of?
Igneous and Sedimentary rock
39
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Igneous and Sedimentary pile up and pressure causes metamorphic rocks to form
40
What are metamorphic rocks like?
Dense and Hard
41
Examples of Metamorphic rock?
Marble, Limestone and Slate
42
How does Physical Weathering work?
Heating and cooling (temperature changes) causes the rock to expand when the temperature increases and it gets cooler the rock breaks down and gets smaller
43
What are the processes in the rock cycle?
Eruption, Rainfall, Transport, Uplift and Sedimentation
44
What are the four types of rock in the rock cycle?
Extrusive Igneous, Intrusive Igneous, Metamorphic and Sedimentary
45
How is Sedimentary rock formed?
Sand and mud sink to the bottom of the sea, and form layers, which over billions of years the pressure from layers above cause chemical reactions and sedimentary rocks to form
46
What is Sedimentary rock made out of?
Cement / minerals
47
What texture is sedimentary rock?
Its soft and flaky
48
What are examples of sedimentary rocks?
Limestone and Chalk
49
What is metamorphic rock made out of?
Igneous and Sedimentary rock
50
How is metamorphic rock formed?
Igneous and Sedimentary pile up and pressure causes metamorphic rocks to form
51
What are metamorphic rocks like?
Dense and Hard
52
Examples of Metamorphic rock?
Marble, Limestone and Slate
53
How does Physical Weathering work?
Heating and cooling (temperature changes) causes the rock to expand when the temperature increases and it gets cooler the rock breaks down and gets smaller
54
Whats the effect of water ?
In a high mountain area the rock will fall into a river or stream the water will carry it to the sea on its way it will bump and crash into lots of things causing it to go from a large jagged rock to small grains of rock
55
What Freeze-Thaw weathering?
A rock will have a small area of water in it as temperatures decrease the ice freezes and expands causing the rock to make a bigger gap for the ice to fit slowing breaking it up
56
How does Igenous rock form?
Igenous rock forms from cooling lava
57
Whats the difference between intrusive and extrusive igenous rock?
Extrusive igneous rock forms on the surface and intrusive igenous rock form underground
58
Examples of Igenous rock?
Granite, Pumice and Basalt
59
Whats special about crystals in igenous rocks?
Igenous rocks have randomly arranged large crystals
60
How does Acid rain form?
Due to combustion Co2 So2 and NoX gets released into the atmoshphere (in the clouds) reacts with H2o to create Carbonic, Sulphurous and Nitrous Acid which then comes out as acid rain when the clouds are full
61
What are the effects of acid rain?
* Speeds up chemical weathering * RIvers and lakes become more acidic, which make sit so plants and animals cant live in them * Soil becomes more acidic and so has less nutrients * Damages trees

Science (2 decks)

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