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Science 9 > Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are nutrients

A

a substance that an organism gets from its environment to grow and survive

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2
Q

what are the two types of nutrients

A

inorganic and organic

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3
Q

how do you know If something is organic

A

Chains of carbon

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4
Q

What are carbohydrates for

A

Energy

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5
Q

what is protein for

A

growth and repair

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6
Q

what are lipids/fats for

A

storing long term energy

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7
Q

what are vitamins for

A

catalysts for reactions

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8
Q

how can you tell if something is inorganic

A

if there are no chains of carbon

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9
Q

what are macro-nutrients

A

large amounts

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10
Q

what id micro-nutrients

A

small amounts

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11
Q

why are nutrients required

A

for growth, maintenance, and reproduction

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12
Q

what is nitrogen needed for

A

for growth, cell, and tissue repair

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13
Q

What are primary pollutants

A

They are put directly into the air

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14
Q

what is absorption

A

when nutrients from the environment enter a body of a organism

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15
Q

what is diffusion

A

when a area with high concentration moves to a area with lower concentration

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16
Q

what is osmosis

A

movement of water(type of diffusion)

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17
Q

what is active transport

A

when energy is used to move particles

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18
Q

What are secondary pollutants

A

When primary pollutants have a chemical reaction with natural chemical/sunlight

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19
Q

what is the purpose of roots

A

they increase the surface area for absorption

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20
Q

what are fertilizers used for

A

a replacement for nitrogen

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21
Q

what is eutrophication

A

the loss of oxygen from a body of water due to fertiliser pollution

22
Q

what is a acid

A

a substance with a ph less than 7

23
Q

what happens with a acid

A

they give off hydrogen ions

24
Q

what is a base

A

a substance with a ph higher than 7

25
Q

what happens with a base

A

they give off hydroxide ions

26
Q

what are properties of acids

A

sour and stings

27
Q

what are properties of bases

A

bitter and slippery

28
Q

when an acid is mixed with a base what is the result

A

water and salt

Eg: HCl+NaCl–>NaCl+H2O

29
Q

when a acid is mixed with a metal what does it form

A

it forms salt and hydrogen gas

30
Q

what does it mean if a litmus paper turns red

A

the substance is acidic

31
Q

what does it mean if the litmus paper turns blue

A

the substance is basic

32
Q

``what does it mean if the substances ph is 7

A

the substance is neutral

33
Q

what is liming

A

adding calcium carbonate(lime stone) to an acidified lake, the lime stone neutralizes the acid(referred to as acid-base neutralization

34
Q

what are scrubbers

A

limestone with water, it absorbs the sulfur particles preventing them from entering the atmosphere

35
Q

what is the ph scale

A

to see the acidity or alkalinity of a substance

36
Q

what can SO2 cause

A

smog and acid rain

37
Q

what are properties of carbon monoxide

A

colourless and odorless

38
Q

what are abiotic factors

A

water temp, rate of flow(turbulence)

39
Q

what are biotic factors

A

of organisms using oxygen

40
Q

what is toxicity

A

how poisonous a substance is

41
Q

what does it mean to monitor

A

to keep track of something

42
Q

what are the 5 categories of water use

A

human drinking water, recreation, livestock drinking water, irrigation, protection of aquatic life

43
Q

what are the 2 ways we test water quality

A

biological and chemical

44
Q

what is ppm

A

parts per million

45
Q

how do you measure ppm

A

mass of solute
———————- times 10(^6)
mass of solution

46
Q

what is ppb

A

parts per billion

47
Q

how do you measure ppb

A

mass of solute
———————- times 10(^9)
mass of solution

48
Q

what is the acceptable level of dissolved oxygen for aquatic life

A

between 5 and 8 ppm

49
Q

what does the ph have to be for precipitation to be considered acid rain

A

lower than 5.6

50
Q

what is spring acid shock

A

acid build up in ice or snow

51
Q

what do we use when we compare toxins

A

a measurement called “LD50”

Science 9 (3 decks)

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