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Chemistry Lec > Environmental Chemistry > Flashcards

Environmental Chemistry Flashcards

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1
Q

simply the study of the different chemical

phenomena in the environment.

A

Environmental chemistry

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2
Q

a mass of gases that surround the planet or a star or a

mixture of different gases.

A

Atmosphere

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3
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

The earth’s atmosphere is active and always changing,

A

TRUE

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4
Q

reason of the changes in atmosphere

A

these changes includes human activities

and many natural cycles.

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5
Q

Dry dry air is composed of about __ % nitrogen

A

78.08%

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6
Q

How many percent of oxygen in the atmosphere

A

20.95%

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7
Q

How many percent of argon ?

A

0.93% of argon

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8
Q

force per unit area exerted by an atmospheric

column or the weight of the overlying column of air.

A

Atmospheric pressure

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9
Q

Unit of pressure

A

millibars

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10
Q

Millibars is equal to

A

1 gram per centimeter

squared (1 g/cm2)

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11
Q

This type of atmosphere has the
source of heat is the surface of the Earth as well as particles in the air which
absorb heat.

A

Troposphere

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12
Q

In this atmosphere, the temperature increases as the altitude increases because
of the ozone (O3) that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun

A

stratosphere

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13
Q

Has the absorption of high

energy radiation by atoms of oxygen and nitrogen.

A

Thermosphere

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14
Q

Predominant elements of the chemical reactions that involved the growth and
decay of living organisms.

A

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

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15
Q

ammonia is converted to -____and then to

_____.

A

Nitrite, nitrate

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16
Q

The nitrates can be converted to

nitrogen gas through _______

A

dentrification

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17
Q

PH of clean rain water is

A

5.6

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18
Q

Water covers ____ of earth

A

3/4

19
Q

e interdisciplinary branch between soil sciences and

chemistry, or the studies of the chemical characteristics of soil

A

Soil Chemistry

20
Q

complex mixtures of inorganic materials, decaying organic matter,
water, air and living organisms formed by the weathering of rocks.

A

Soil

21
Q

Soil horizon that consists largely of organic

materials.

A

O - Horizon

22
Q

contains little organic

matter.

A

E - Horizon

23
Q

Happens when finer particles are carried away or washed out

A

eluviation.

24
Q

called subsoil, where fine
clay particles which enhance water
retention are accumulated.

A

B - Horizon

25
Q

a layer characterized by

partially altered parent material.

A

C - Horizon

26
Q

a layer characterized by

partially altered parent material.

A

C - Horizon

27
Q

e refers to the size of the particles that make up the soil

A

Soil TeXTURE

28
Q

Sand Texture

A

sand (between 0.02 and 2.0 mm)

29
Q

Slit Texture

A

(between 0.002

and 0.02 mm)

30
Q

clay-sized particles Texture

A

(<0.002 mm)

31
Q

it influences the
electrical charge of soil colloids, and controls whether other ions are displaced, it
greatly affects the retention of ions in the soil and the short-term availability of
nutrients, both of which are key to soil fertility

A

Soil PH

32
Q

Properties of Soil

A 
Soil texture
Soil pH
Soil Porosity
Inorganic components of soil
Organic matter in soil
33
Q

The organic content may reach _____ in areas where plants grow and
decay in soil saturated with water.

A

90%

34
Q

s the process of chemical or physical breakdown of the minerals
in the rocks. Also occurs when topsoil components are moved from one
place to another.

A

Erosion

35
Q

Two major agents of soil erosion:

A

Water

Wind

36
Q

Types of Soil Erosion

A

Wind, Water, Gravity

37
Q

Causes of Soil Erosion

A

Climatic Factors, Land Use, Soil Itself, Hydrology, Landform & topography

38
Q

the alteration and breakdown of rock minerals and rock
masses when exposed to the atmosphere and weathering agents such as water,
organic and inorganic acids and large temperature fluctuations.

A

Weathering

39
Q

Weathering can be :

A

Physical or mechanical weathering

Chemical weathering

40
Q

Chemical weathering examples

A

Dissolution,
hydrolysis,
acid hydrolysis, and oxidation

41
Q

minerals present in the Earth’s crust are soluble and will dissolve completely in water moving through soils and rocks.

A

Dissolution

42
Q

a process in which water both reacts and dissolves

mineral constituents, forming smaller and less complex products.

A

Hydrolysis

43
Q

greatly affects water movement and gas exchange

A

Porosity

44
Q

very basic soil property because it determines the number of pores
and the amount of water it can hold

A

Texture

Chemistry Lec (3 decks)

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