Environmental Chemistry

Question 1

simply the study of the different chemical

phenomena in the environment.

Answer 1

Environmental chemistry

Question 2

a mass of gases that surround the planet or a star or a

mixture of different gases.

Answer 2

Atmosphere

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE

The earth’s atmosphere is active and always changing,

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

reason of the changes in atmosphere

Answer 4

these changes includes human activities

and many natural cycles.

Question 5

Dry dry air is composed of about __ % nitrogen

Answer 5

78.08%

Question 6

How many percent of oxygen in the atmosphere

Answer 6

20.95%

Question 7

How many percent of argon ?

Answer 7

0.93% of argon

Question 8

force per unit area exerted by an atmospheric

column or the weight of the overlying column of air.

Answer 8

Atmospheric pressure

Question 9

Unit of pressure

Answer 9

millibars

Question 10

Millibars is equal to

Answer 10

1 gram per centimeter

squared (1 g/cm2)

Question 11

This type of atmosphere has the
source of heat is the surface of the Earth as well as particles in the air which
absorb heat.

Answer 11

Troposphere

Question 12

In this atmosphere, the temperature increases as the altitude increases because
of the ozone (O3) that absorbs ultraviolet rays from the sun

Answer 12

stratosphere

Question 13

Has the absorption of high

energy radiation by atoms of oxygen and nitrogen.

Answer 13

Thermosphere

Question 14

Predominant elements of the chemical reactions that involved the growth and
decay of living organisms.

Answer 14

carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen

Question 15

ammonia is converted to -____and then to

_____.

Answer 15

Nitrite, nitrate

Question 16

The nitrates can be converted to

nitrogen gas through _______

Answer 16

dentrification

Question 17

PH of clean rain water is

Answer 17

5.6

Question 18

Water covers ____ of earth

Answer 18

3/4

Question 19

e interdisciplinary branch between soil sciences and

chemistry, or the studies of the chemical characteristics of soil

Answer 19

Soil Chemistry

Question 20

complex mixtures of inorganic materials, decaying organic matter,
water, air and living organisms formed by the weathering of rocks.

Answer 20

Soil

Question 21

Soil horizon that consists largely of organic

materials.

Answer 21

O - Horizon

Question 22

contains little organic

matter.

Answer 22

E - Horizon

Question 23

Happens when finer particles are carried away or washed out

Answer 23

eluviation.

Question 24

called subsoil, where fine
clay particles which enhance water
retention are accumulated.

Answer 24

B - Horizon

Question 25

a layer characterized by | partially altered parent material.

Answer 25

C - Horizon

Question 26

a layer characterized by | partially altered parent material.

Answer 26

C - Horizon

Question 27

e refers to the size of the particles that make up the soil

Answer 27

Soil TeXTURE

Question 28

Sand Texture

Answer 28

sand (between 0.02 and 2.0 mm)

Question 29

Slit Texture

Answer 29

(between 0.002 | and 0.02 mm)

Question 30

clay-sized particles Texture

Answer 30

(<0.002 mm)

Question 31

it influences the electrical charge of soil colloids, and controls whether other ions are displaced, it greatly affects the retention of ions in the soil and the short-term availability of nutrients, both of which are key to soil fertility

Answer 31

Soil PH

Question 32

Properties of Soil

Answer 32

``` Soil texture Soil pH Soil Porosity Inorganic components of soil Organic matter in soil ```

Question 33

The organic content may reach _____ in areas where plants grow and decay in soil saturated with water.

Answer 33

90%

Question 34

s the process of chemical or physical breakdown of the minerals in the rocks. Also occurs when topsoil components are moved from one place to another.

Answer 34

Erosion

Question 35

Two major agents of soil erosion:

Answer 35

Water | Wind

Question 36

Types of Soil Erosion

Answer 36

Wind, Water, Gravity

Question 37

Causes of Soil Erosion

Answer 37

Climatic Factors, Land Use, Soil Itself, Hydrology, Landform & topography

Question 38

the alteration and breakdown of rock minerals and rock masses when exposed to the atmosphere and weathering agents such as water, organic and inorganic acids and large temperature fluctuations.

Answer 38

Weathering

Question 39

Weathering can be :

Answer 39

Physical or mechanical weathering | Chemical weathering

Question 40

Chemical weathering examples

Answer 40

Dissolution, hydrolysis, acid hydrolysis, and oxidation

Question 41

minerals present in the Earth’s crust are soluble and will dissolve completely in water moving through soils and rocks.

Answer 41

Dissolution

Question 42

a process in which water both reacts and dissolves | mineral constituents, forming smaller and less complex products.

Answer 42

Hydrolysis

Question 43

greatly affects water movement and gas exchange

Answer 43

Porosity

Question 44

very basic soil property because it determines the number of pores and the amount of water it can hold

Answer 44

Texture