Environmental and Occupational Lung Diseases

Question 1

Is there more pollution in warm or cold temperatures?

Answer 1

Warm

Question 2

3 factors determining lung response

Answer 2

Deposition
Clearance/detoxification
Biologic activity of substance

Question 3

Deposition of gases

Answer 3

Depends on solubility
If a gas is more soluble in liquids it will deposit higher up, more in gases it will go down to small airways
Particles have much less solubility so their deposition depends on SIZE

Question 4

What does deposition depend on for

1. Gases
2. Particles

Answer 4

1. Solubility

2. Size

Question 5

Clearance/detoxification

Answer 5

Depends on the site of deposition and the health of lung defenses

Question 6

Lung defenses

Answer 6

Nasal filtering
Cough/sneeze reflex
Mucus/muco-ciliary escalator
Alveolar macrophages, lymphocytes
Bactericidal enzymes, antibiotics
Lymphatic system

Question 7

Modifiable factors that influence the toxicity of pollutants within the resp system

Answer 7

Activity
Location
Reduction of CV risk factors
Use of air cleaners
Use of masks
Use of antioxidants and meds

Question 8

4 mechanisms of pathophysiological damage of pollutants

Answer 8

Mutation
Inflammation (can lead to necrosis and fibrosis)
Allergic reaction (sensitization)
Oxidative stress

Question 9

How long is the latency period for

1. Mesothelioma
2. Silicosis

Answer 9

1. 30 years

2. 10 years