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envi sci > Environment Under the Age of Anthropocene: Agriculture > Flashcards

Environment Under the Age of Anthropocene: Agriculture Flashcards

1
Q

3 Types of Marine Litter

A

Benzene, Soil, 30% landmills

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2
Q

systematic way of solving a certain crisis

A

DPSIR framework

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3
Q

[DPSIR] Possible root cause

A

Drivers

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4
Q

[DPSIR] Actual impacts human activities have on the environment

A

Pressure

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5
Q

[DPSIR] Current condition of the environment

A

State

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6
Q

[DPSIR] Consequences of the pressures on the environment

A

Impact

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7
Q

[DPSIR] how society reacts to the impacts on the environment

A

Response

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8
Q

it is the most important problem = when we try to convert most of our lands and forest into agricultural land

A

Soil

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9
Q

biologists, psychologists

A

environmental impact assessment (EIA)

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10
Q

You want your present to be your past

A

“Re-“

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11
Q

Immediate response to what is happening

A

Present

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12
Q

Conservation

A

Future

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13
Q

Ability of certain organisms to combat pollution

A

Biotransformation

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14
Q

ability to degrade complex structures

A

Biodegradation

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15
Q

absorb toxic chemical

A

Bioabsorption

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16
Q

[SYMBIOSIS] Both positive; both organisms benefit

A

Mutualism

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17
Q

[SYMBIOSIS] positive and neutral ; one benefits and the other is neutral

A

Commensalism

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18
Q

[SYMBIOSIS] positive and negative; one benefits, one harms

A

Parasitism

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19
Q

[SYMBIOSIS] both neutral or neutral and neutral/negative

A

Amensalism

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20
Q

Progressive modification of crops through the selective breeding of cultivated races or cultivators

A

Domestication

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21
Q

It is the science, and art, of cultivating the soil, producing crops, and raising livestock

A

Agriculture

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22
Q

What are the 3 systems supply most of our food

A
  1. Croplands
  2. Fisheries and Agriculture
  3. Rangelands, pastures, and feedlots
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23
Q

What system supply produces mostly grains

A

croplands

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24
Q

What system supply seafood

A

fisheries and agriculture

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25
Q

What system supply meat

A

rangelands, pastures, and feedlots

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26
Q

It is the progressive modification of crops through selective breeding of cultivated races or CULTIVARS

A

Domestication

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27
Q

It is a plant domesticated in a form of broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, brussels sprouts, kale, and kohlrabi

A

Wild Mustard

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28
Q

Refers to the conversion of natural landscapes like forests or wetlands into built environments or agricultural production

A

Land Use Change

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29
Q

What are the drivers of deforestation leading to land use change

A
  1. demand for energy and fiber
  2. enhanced transportation and development of roads
  3. human population with additional needs for food
30
Q

Ability of an ecosystem to sustain the productivity of crops

A

Agricultural site capability

31
Q

amount of nutrients present and to factors affecting their availability

A

soil fertility

32
Q

Site quality can be degraded by agricultural practices, which may result in

A
  1. erosion of topsoil
  2. loss of organic matter and nutrients
  3. buildup of weed populations
  4. result to decrease in crop yields
33
Q

uses heavy equipment and large amounts of financial capital, fossil fuel, water, commercial inorganic fertilizers, and pesticides to produce single crops

A

Industrialized Agriculture or High - Input Agriculture

34
Q

What the major goal of monoculture

A

to increase yield, the amount of food produced per unit of land

35
Q

Form of industrialized agriculture used in primarily in tropical less - developed countries

A

Plantation agriculture

36
Q

What crops grows in plantation agriculture

A

bananas, soybeans, sugarcane, coffee, palm oil, and vegetables

37
Q

movement of soil components, especially surface litter and topsoil from one place to another by the actions of wind and water

A

Soil Erosion

38
Q

Erosion of topsoil has 2 major harmful effects

A
  1. loss of soil fertility through depletion of plant nutrients in topsoil
  2. water pollution in nearby surface waters, where eroded topsoil ends up as a sediment
39
Q

Agricultural practices that increase the rate of soil erosion

A
  1. cultivating land on moderate to steep slopes
  2. leaving fields without a cover during the winter
40
Q

occurs when soil particles are pressed together, reducing pore space between them

A

compaction

41
Q

compaction can lead to

A
  1. poor root growth
  2. waterlogging
  3. oxygen - poor conditions
  4. impaired nutrient cycling
42
Q

Compaction can be largely avoided by

A
  1. using large tires to spread the load
  2. reducing the density of livestock kept in outdoor stockades
  3. avoiding any unnecessary passages of heavy machinery over fields
43
Q

occurs when the productive potential of topsoil falls by 10% or more because of a combination of prolonged drought and human activities that expose topsoil to erosion

A

Desertification

44
Q

buildup of soluble minerals in the surface soil

A

salinization

45
Q

what can be a cause of salinization

A

irrigation practices

46
Q

what are the most important salts

A

sulfates and chlorides of sodium, calcium, and magnesium

47
Q

what are toxic to most crops

A

saline soil

48
Q

what gas came from cattle and cows

A

methane

49
Q

what gas from synthetic inorganic fertilizers, livestock manure

A

nitrous oxide

50
Q

what is the nutrient needed for plant growth

A

nitrogen

51
Q

Side effect of too much nitrogen and phosphorus

A
  1. harmful to organisms
  2. overstimulation of growth of aquatic pants and algae leading to clogging of water intakes
52
Q

what syndrome caused by nitrite

A

blue baby syndrome

53
Q

best way to maintain soil fertility

A

topsoil conservation

54
Q

what are the 3 types of organic fertilizer

A

animal manure, green manure, compost

55
Q

What type of organic fertilizer stimulates the growth of beneficial soil bacteria and fungi

A

Animal manure

56
Q

What type of organic fertilizer freshly cut or growing green vegetation that is plowed to the topsoil to increase the organic matter

A

Green manure

57
Q

what type of organic fertilizer microorganisms in the soil that breaks down organic matter in the presence of oxygen

A

Compost

58
Q

What type of organic fertilizer waste of the cattle, horse, poultry and other farm animals that adds to the organic nitrogen

A

animal manure

59
Q

uses only organic fertilizers and crop rotation to replenish the nutrients

A

organic agriculture

60
Q

usually inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

A

synthetic inorganic fertilizers

61
Q

What is the one way to prevent and deal with soil salinization

A

reduce the amount of water that is put onto crop fields through use of modern efficient irrigation

62
Q

How to prevent salinization and desertification

A
  1. diversion of surface flows
  2. installation of a subsurface drainage system
  3. using longer crop rotations
  4. increasing organic matter in the soil
63
Q

3 types of systems commonly used to irrigate crops

A
  1. gravity flow
  2. center pivot
  3. drop irrigation
64
Q

What type of system used to irrigate crops that water usually comes from aqueduct system or a nearby river

A

Gravity flow

65
Q

What type of system used to irrigate crops that water usually pumped from underground and sprayed from mobile boom with sprinklers

A

Center pivot

66
Q

What type of system used to irrigate crops that above- or below- ground pipes or tubes deliver water to individual plants roots

A

Drop irrigation

67
Q

Challenges of philippine agriculture

A
  1. low productivity
  2. low agricultural diversification
  3. climate change
  4. lack of technological and government investments
68
Q

What natural resources degradation resulting to depletion of nutrients in various ecosystems

A

intensive cultivation

69
Q

What natural resources degradation leading to loss in biodiversity, soil erosion, flood and water quality

A

Deforestation

70
Q

What natural resources degradation resulting to increased incidence of pest and diseases and loss of natural predators

A

loss of biodiversity

71
Q
A

envi sci (6 decks)

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