Environment ch 9

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

Diversity within the species , community , ecosystems

Question 2

Levels of biodiversity

Answer 2

Genetic - variation of genes within a particular species
Species - variety of living organisms on earth (0-1)
Ecosystem - different types of habitat (climate vegetation geographyofaregion)

Question 3

Measurement of biodiversity

Answer 3

Species richness-
Alpha (diversity btwn particular ecosystem)
Beta ( btwn ecosystem)
Gama (overall ecosystem of a region)
SPECIES EVENNESS
If low evenness - Few species dominate

Question 4

Building blocks of human animal plant

Answer 4

Carbon
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Hydrogen

Question 5

Services of biodiversity

Answer 5

Ecosystem services (protect air water soil etc)
Biological services (provide food, wood.etc)
Social services (education , research, monitoring, tourism, cultural values)

Question 6

Causes of biodiversity loss

Answer 6

Destruction of particular species.

Habitat destruction.

Question 7

Modes of conservation

Answer 7

Ex situ ( zoo)
In situ ( biosphere reserves, national parks)

Question 8

Purpose of botanical garden

Answer 8

= To study taxonomy
= Study process of exotic = plants(foreign plants grown in india)
= Act as germ plasm collection
= Conserving rare and threatened species

Question 9

Zoo purposes

Answer 9

Initially for entertainment (circus and exhibition)

Now bcame wildlife conservation and environmental education

Question 10

The red date book

Answer 10

Issued by IUCN
1st issued by SURVIVAL COMMISSION
pink pages - Publication which includes CRITICALLY ENDANGERED SPECIES
green pages - Formerly endangered but now recovered and no longer threatened

Question 11

IUCN classification of conservation priority

Answer 11

EXTINCT
last individual of the species died.

EXTINCT IN WILD.

            captive breeding and not allowed in natural habitat eg turtles

CRITICALLY ENDANGERED.

              Reduction in population- more than 90% in last 10yrs
              Population size - less than 50 adults
              Probability of extinction in wild 50% in 10yrs

ENDANGERED.

       70% in last 10yrs
       Less than 250 adults 
       20% in 20yrs

VULNERABLE

        More than 50% in 10yrs 
        Less than 10000 adults 
        10% in 100days

NEART THREATENED

         Does not qualify for critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable.

LEAST CONCERN

          does not qualify for critically endangered, endangered, vulnerable, near threatened.

DATA DEFICIENT

            inadequate information to make assessment of risk

NOT EVALUATED

           not evaluated against the criteria