Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Expected Question Bank > Environment and Ecology > Flashcards

Environment and Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

What is meant by biotic factors in an environment?

A

Living Organisms in Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is meant by abiotic factors in and environment?

A

Non-Living Factors in the Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the effects seen in an environment, when there are changes in biotic factors?

A

Leads to shifts in Population Dynamics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the effects seen in an environment, when there are changes in Abiotic factors?

A

Ecosystem and Habitats are disrupted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the categories of Biotic Factors?

A

Autotrophs (Producers)
Heterotrophs (Consumers)
Saprotrophs (Decomposers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 5 levels in Ecology?

A

Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Does Ecosystem have any size specifications?

A

No, it can be as small as a tree, and as large as an entire forest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Biome? Can 2 biomes be same?

A

Large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups adapted to that environment. No 2 biomes are alike.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Biosphere?

A

All the region above and below Earth’s surface where life exists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 components of Biosphere?

A

Atmosphere + Lithosphere + Hydrosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Ecosphere?

A

Biosphere + Atmosphere + Lithosphere + Hydrosphere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are guilds in terms of Niche in ecology?

A

Group of species with comparable roles in community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are ecological equivalents?

A

Species occupying same niche in different geographical regions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the main difference between Habitat and Niche?

A

Habitat is Organism’s Home and Niche is Organism’s Role
Habitat focuses on how Environment impacts the organism, and Niche focuses on how the organism impacts the Environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the Competitive Exclusion Principle?

A

No 2 species in a Habitat will have same Niche because of competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Ecotone?

A

Transition zone between 2 communities/ecosystem/biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are edge species?

A

Species occurring primarily or most abundantly in ecotone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is Ecoline?

A

Physio-chemical gradient of:
1. a characteristic
2. a trait of a species
across a geographical range

Showcases gradual but continues change

19
Q

Categorize Abiotic Factors of Environment playing role in Species Distribution?

A

Edaphic: Soil
Topographic: Latitude, Steepness etc.
Climatic: Temperature, Sunlight, Humidity etc.

20
Q

Categorize Biotic Factors of Environment playing role in Species Distribution?

A

Positive Interactions: Mutualism, Commensalism, Neutralism
Negative Interactions: Predation, Competition, Parasitism, Ammensalism

21
Q

What are Eurythermal animals?

A

That can withstand large variations of temperature

22
Q

What are Stenothermal Animals?

A

That have a narrow temperature range tolerance

23
Q

What are Endotherms?

A

Warm-Blooded Animals

24
Q

What are Ectotherms?

A

Cold-Blooded Animals

25
Q

On the basis of light penetration, what are the three zones of an ocean?

A

Photic Zone > Aphotic Zone > Abyssal Zone

26
Q

What is carrying Capacity of an Ecosystem?

A

Maximum Population size that the ecosystem can support

27
Q

What are limiting factors in an Ecosystem?

A

Since resources are limited in nature, they regulate how many organisms live in an Ecosystem, working as Limiting Factors

28
Q

What is Ammensalism?

A

One species negatively Affected
Another is unaffected
Ex. Large tree shading small tree

29
Q

What is Predation?

A

Prey is harmed, predator is benefited

30
Q

What is Parasitism?

A

Host is harmed, Parasite is benefited

31
Q

What is competition?

A

Both species are negatively affected.
Occurs when two populations or species need a common vital resource that is in short supply

32
Q

What is Commensalism?

A

Commensal Benefits, Host is unaffected

Ex. Sucker Fish on a Shark

33
Q

What is Mutualism?

A

Both species benefit from this interaction.
Ex. Bees pollinating Flowers

34
Q

What is Neutralism?

A

Neither species is affected

Mostly between unrelated populations of different species

35
Q

What are Ecophenes?

A

Variations in Phenotypes (Observable Physical Characteristics)
The variations are temporary morphological variations, and are reversible since there is no change in genetics

36
Q

What are Ecotypes?

A

When Ecophenes remain in new environment that caused the changes for a very long time, morphological changes become permanent. And then they are called Ecotypes

37
Q

What are Ecospecies?

A

When animals or plants of same species are isolated in different environments for long periods, adaptations become permanent.

Ex. Asian Elephants, European Elephants

38
Q

What is Speciation?

A

Process of forming of new speciesW

39
Q

What is Adaptive Radiation?

A

When multiple new species are formed from a single ancestral species, the process if called adaptive radiation

40
Q

What is Mutation?

A

Changes in genetic material that results from error in DNA replication

41
Q

What is Natural Selection? Who proposed the Theory?

A

An evolutionary force that selects among variations of genes that help the organism to have better chances of surviving, reaching reproductive age and passing on suitable adaptations to their new progeny.
Proposed by Darwin and Wallace

42
Q

Who proposed the Theory of Evolution? and when was it given? What is the updated version of this theory called?

A
  • Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
  • 1859
  • in light of progress of genetics, theory was updated and is now called Neo-Darwinism
43
Q

Which mass extinction is currently going on and what is the reason?

A
  • 6th Mass Extinction (Named: Anthropogenic Extinction)
  • Human Induced (Loss of natural habitats, over-exploitation of resources, destruction of ecosystems, pollution, global climatic change)

Expected Question Bank (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions