Enviomental factors Flashcards
2.3
Estimated cancer incidence by site and sex
Male
1. Prostate cancer
2. Lung/ bronchus cancer
3. Colorectal cancer
Female
1. Breast cancer
2. Lung/ bronchus cancer
3. Colorectal cancer
Estimate cancer death by site and sex
Male
1. Lung/ bronchus cancer
2. Prostate cancer
3. Colorectal cancer
Female
1. Lung/ bronchus cancer
2. Breast cancer
3. Colorectal cancer
Most common cancer with greatest mortality in children < 15 yr
- Leukemia
- Brain and spinal cord
- Neuroblastoma
Cancers that are detected late
Cancer detected late have a BAD prognosis
Example: Ovarian, pancreatic and lung
Environmental factor for cancer
Environmental factor are the most dominant risk for most cancers.
Exposure to ASBESTOS (shipyard workers) is likely to lead to LUNG cancer than mesothelian.
Aniline Dyes
Bladder cancer
Benzene
Leukemia (AML)
Asbestos
Bronchogenic ( lung cancer) higher than mesothelioma
Arsenic
Skin and Lung cancer
Cigarette smoking
Lung cancer ( squamous and small cell)
Vinyl Chloride (PVC pipes)
Hepatic angiosarcoma
PVC pipes
Vinyl Chloride - Hepatic angiosarcoma
Aflatoxins
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)
- Burkitt lymphoma
- Hodgkin lymphoma
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- Oral hairy leukoplakia
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Squamous cell carcinoma of cervix and anogenital squamous papilloma
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8)
Kaposi sarcoma
Ultraviolet light
Skin cancer
Ionizing radiation (X-rays and gamma radiation)
- Leukemia ( AML AND CML)
- Papillary thyroid cancer
- Osteosarcoma
- Liver angiosarcoma
Barret esophagus
Adenocarcinoma
Chronic gastritis (H pylori)
Adenocarcinoma
Inflammatory bowel disease ( CD and UC)
Colorectal cancer
Chronic pancreatitis (alcoholism)
Pancreatic cancer
Chronic hepatitis (Hepatitis B and C)
Hepatocellular carcinoma
Chronic cholecystitis ( stones, bacteria or bile)
Gallbladder cancer
Chronic cervicitis (HPV)
Cervical cancer
Chronic Cystitis ( Schistosomiasis)
Bladder cancer
Sjogren and Hashiomoto thyroiditis
MALT lymphoma
Asbestosis and silicosis ( asbestos fibers and silica particles)
Mesothelioma
if you see lung cancer that is first pick.
Osteomyelitis (bacteria)
Draining sinuses cancers
Leukoplakia
Squamous cell carcinoma
Endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial cancer
Villous adenoma
Colorectal cancer
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC)
Gene?
MLH1/MSH2
Autosomal dominant
Fanconi anemia
gene?
FANC
Autosomal recessive
Ataxia telangiectasia
Gene?
Gene - ATM
Autosomal recessive
Li- Fraumeni syndrome
Gene?
TP53
Autosomal dominant
Von Hippel- Lindai disease
gene?
VHL
Autosomal dominant
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
APC
Autosomal dominant
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2a)
Gene?
RET
Autosomal dominant
Familial retinoblastoma
RB1
Autosomal dominant
neurofibromatosis Type 1
NF1
Autosomal dominant
Familial breast and ovarian cancer
BRCA1/BRCA2
Autosomal dominant