ENVI SCI 3RD EXAM Flashcards
1
Q
What is the short title of Republic Act No. 8749?
A
Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999
2
Q
What is the primary responsibility recognized by the State regarding environmental problems?
A
Local government units
3
Q
What principle does the Act recognize regarding pollution?
A
‘Polluters must pay’
4
Q
What is the main goal of the State according to the Declaration of Policies?
A
Balancing development and environmental protection
5
Q
What rights are guaranteed to citizens under the Act?
A
- Right to breathe clean air
- Right to utilize natural resources sustainably
- Right to participate in environmental policy-making
- Right to be informed of pollution hazards
- Right to access public records
- Right to bring action in court for violations
6
Q
Define ‘air pollutant’ as per the Act.
A
Any matter in the atmosphere detrimental to health or the environment
7
Q
What does ‘air pollution’ mean?
A
Alteration of air properties or discharge of substances harmful to health
8
Q
What are ‘ambient air quality guideline values’?
A
Concentration of air classified as short-term and long-term for health protection
9
Q
What does the term ‘Certificate of Conformity’ refer to?
A
A certificate issued certifying a vehicle meets requirements under the Act
10
Q
What is the role of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources?
A
To manage air quality and enforce the Act
11
Q
What is an ‘eco-profile’?
A
A geographical-based evaluation of environmental quality and carrying capacity
12
Q
What is meant by ‘emission’?
A
Any air contaminant or pollutant released into the atmosphere
13
Q
List some examples of greenhouse gases.
A
- Carbon dioxide
- Methane
- Oxides of nitrogen
- Chlorofluorocarbons
14
Q
Define ‘hazardous substances’.
A
Substances presenting acute hazards or long-term toxicity
15
Q
What constitutes ‘medical waste’?
A
Materials generated from patient diagnosis, treatment, or immunization
16
Q
What is a ‘mobile source’?
A
Any vehicle propelled by combustion for transporting persons or goods
17
Q
What is the definition of ‘municipal waste’?
A
Waste materials generated from communities
18
Q
What does ‘new vehicle’ mean?
A
A vehicle constructed entirely from new parts and never registered
19
Q
What does ‘ozone-depleting substances’ (ODS) refer to?
A
Substances that deplete the ozone layer and affect health and environment
20
Q
What are ‘persistent organic pollutants’ (POPs)?
A
Organic compounds that bioaccumulate and pose risks to health and environment
21
Q
True or False: ‘Pollution control devices’ are used to prevent air pollution.
A
True
22
Q
What is meant by ‘standard of performance’?
A
A standard for emissions reflecting achievable limitations through reduction systems
23
Q
Define ‘stationary source’.
A
Any immobile structure that emits air pollutants
24
Q
What is the purpose of the National Air Quality Status Report?
A
To formulate the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework
25
What is the Integrated Air Quality Improvement Framework?
A comprehensive air pollution management and control program
26
What must the air quality control action plan include?
* Enforceable emission limitations
* Monitoring methods
* Regulation of stationary sources
* Public participation strategies
27
What is the role of the Governing Board in air quality management?
Formulation of policies and preparation of common action plans
28
Who heads the Board for air quality management?
The Secretary of the Department of Environment and Natural Resources
## Footnote
The Board is responsible for overseeing air quality management and includes various representatives from local governments and organizations.
29
What are the primary functions of the Board?
* Formulation of policies
* Preparation of a common action plan
* Coordination of functions among its members
* Submission and publication of an annual Air Quality Status Report for each airshed
## Footnote
These functions are essential for managing air quality effectively across different regions.
30
What is the purpose of emissions trading within an airshed?
To allow pollution sources to trade emissions allowances among themselves
## Footnote
This mechanism can incentivize reductions in overall emissions within the designated airshed.
31
What defines a nonattainment area?
An area where specific pollutants have already exceeded ambient standards
## Footnote
This designation triggers specific management programs to address air quality issues.
32
What measures may be implemented in nonattainment areas?
* Prohibition of new sources of exceeded air pollutants
* Relocation of residents if necessary
* Coordination with local government units and organizations
## Footnote
These measures aim to protect public health in areas with poor air quality.
33
What is the Department's role regarding air quality control techniques?
To issue and revise information on air pollution control techniques based on research and consultation
## Footnote
This includes best available technologies and alternative methods for pollution management.
34
What types of pollutants are monitored for ambient air quality standards?
* Suspended Particulate Matter
* Sulfur Dioxide
* Nitrogen Dioxide
* Photochemical Oxidants
* Carbon Monoxide
## Footnote
These pollutants are critical for assessing air quality and protecting public health.
35
What is the significance of the Air Quality Management Fund?
To finance containment, removal, and clean-up operations of air pollution cases
## Footnote
The fund supports research and technical assistance for air quality management.
36
What does the emission charge system aim to achieve?
To encourage industries and vehicles to abate, reduce, or prevent pollution
## Footnote
It involves regular emission fees based on the volume and toxicity of pollutants.
37
What is required from program proponents regarding financial liability for environmental rehabilitation?
To put up financial guarantee mechanisms for emergency response and clean-up needs
## Footnote
This ensures accountability for environmental impacts during project implementation.
38
What are the maximum permissible limits for carbon monoxide emissions from industrial sources?
500 mg/NCM
## Footnote
This limit is set to protect public health and is part of the emission standards for stationary sources.
39
What is the role of research and development in air quality management?
To develop improved methods for the prevention and control of air pollution
## Footnote
This includes establishing air quality guideline values and considering socio-cultural implications.
40
Fill in the blank: The Department shall review and publish emission standards for stationary sources every ______ years.
two
## Footnote
Regular reviews ensure that emission standards are up-to-date with current scientific knowledge.
41
True or False: The ambient air quality standards must be less stringent than the World Health Organization standards.
False
## Footnote
The standards must be based on WHO guidelines but cannot be less stringent.
42
What is the maximum limit of particulates for Fuel Burning Equipment in urban or industrial areas?
150 mg/NCM
## Footnote
This limit applies to fuel burning equipment in urban or industrial zones.
43
What is the maximum limit of sulfur oxides for existing fuel burning equipment?
1.5 gm/NCM as SO2
## Footnote
This limit is specific to existing sources of emissions.
44
What is defined as 'Other Stationary Sources'?
A trade, process, industrial plant, or fuel burning equipment other than thermal power plants, industrial boilers, cement plants, incinerators, and smelting furnaces
## Footnote
This definition helps clarify the types of sources not specifically categorized.
45
What are the daily average limits for total dust emissions?
10 mg/m3
## Footnote
This limit is for daily average emissions from stationary sources.
46
What is the emission limit for hydrogen fluoride (HF) in half-hourly average values?
4 mg/m3
## Footnote
This limit applies to emissions measured over a half-hour period.
47
What is the maximum allowable emission of dioxins and furans into the air?
0.1 nanogram/m3
## Footnote
This limit applies to average values measured over 6 to 8 hours.
48
True or False: Incineration of municipal, bio-medical, and hazardous wastes is prohibited under this Act.
True
## Footnote
The prohibition does not apply to traditional small-scale methods of sanitation.
49
What agency is responsible for implementing emission standards for motor vehicles?
The DOTC
## Footnote
The Department of Transportation and Communications (DOTC) is tasked with enforcing these standards.
50
What are the emission limits for light duty vehicles for CO?
2.72 g/km
## Footnote
This limit is part of the type approval process for light duty vehicles.
51
Fill in the blank: The Department shall develop an action plan for the control and management of air pollution from _______.
motor vehicles
52
What is the maximum concentration of sulfur in automotive diesel fuel allowed after 2004?
0.05% by weight
## Footnote
This is part of the gradual reduction in sulfur content in fuels.
53
What is the limit for carbon monoxide (CO) emissions for heavy duty vehicles?
4.5 g/kWh
## Footnote
This limit applies to heavy-duty vehicles as per the specified directive.
54
What must be issued for any new motor vehicle to be registered?
Certificate of Conformity (COC)
## Footnote
This certificate indicates compliance with emission standards.
55
What is the maximum allowable level of ammonia emissions in mg/m3?
10 mg/m3
## Footnote
This limit applies to emissions from stationary sources.
56
What is the emission limit for nitrogen monoxide (NO) for incineration plants with a capacity exceeding 3 tonnes per hour?
200 mg/m3
## Footnote
This limit is specific to larger incineration plants.
57
What is the maximum limit for benzene content in unleaded gasoline fuel by the year 2003?
2% by volume
## Footnote
This limit is part of the regulations for fuel composition.
58
What is the emission limit for thallium and its compounds?
Total 0.05 mg/m3
## Footnote
This applies to average values over a sample period.
59
What is the role of the Department in relation to fuel and fuel additives?
Regulate the use and set specifications for fuels and additives
## Footnote
This includes ensuring that fuels meet health and environmental standards.
60
What is the maximum limit for sulfur oxides in new sources for fuel burning equipment?
0.7 gm/NCM as SO2
## Footnote
This limit is lower than that for existing sources.
61
What is required before a fuel or fuel additive can be imported or sold?
It must be registered with the DOE and relevant information provided
## Footnote
Relevant information includes product identity, analytical techniques, concentration range, and purpose of use.
62
What does Section 28 prohibit?
The introduction of leaded gasoline into vehicles labeled 'unleaded gasoline only'
## Footnote
This is to prevent lead contamination of emission control devices.
63
When will the prohibition on the manufacture, import, and sale of leaded gasoline take effect?
Not later than eighteen (18) months after the enactment of the Act.
64
What is the role of the DTI regarding existing vehicles after the Act's effectivity?
To formulate standards and procedures for non-conforming engines to comply with unleaded fuel use within five (5) years.
65
What substances are to be phased out according to Section 30?
Ozone-depleting substances
## Footnote
This is in accordance with the Montreal Protocol.
66
Which organization is responsible for monitoring greenhouse gases in the Philippines?
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration (PAGASA).
67
What must the Department do within two years of the Act's enactment regarding Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)?
Establish an inventory list of all sources of POPs.
68
What is regulated by the Philippine Nuclear Research Institute (PNRI)?
Use of atomic and/or nuclear energy and emissions of radioactive substances.
69
Who is the primary government agency responsible for implementing and enforcing this Act?
The Department.
70
What is the role of Local Government Units (LGUs) according to Section 36?
To share responsibility in air quality management within their jurisdiction.
71
What is the purpose of the Environment and Natural Resources Office?
To prepare air quality management programs and provide technical assistance.
72
What does Section 38 require from emission source operators?
To maintain relevant records, report, install monitoring equipment, and allow inspections.
73
What type of campaign must the Department promote according to Section 39?
A continuing air quality information and education campaign.
74
What can an affected person do if there is a violation of the Act?
File an administrative action or a civil, criminal, or administrative action in court.
75
What is the purpose of Section 41 regarding citizen suits?
To allow citizens to enforce provisions of the Act against violators.
76
What happens if a legal action is deemed to harass or vex a person enforcing the Act?
The court shall dismiss the case and award attorney's fees and double damages.
77
What will fines imposed for violations of pollution standards be based on?
Ability to pay, willfulness, negligence, history of noncompliance, and recalcitrance.
78
What is the maximum fine for actual exceedance of pollution standards?
One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) for every day of violation.
79
What must occur before a motor vehicle can be registered with the DOTC?
It must meet the emission standards set by the Department.
80
What penalties are imposed for a first offense of violation of emission standards for motor vehicles?
A fine not to exceed Two thousand pesos (Php2,000.00).
81
What happens if a vehicle is found to exceed emission standards?
It will be impounded until penalties are paid and repairs are made.
82
What is the penalty for a third offense regarding motor vehicle emissions?
One (1) year suspension of Motor Vehicle Registration and a fine of not less than Four thousand pesos (Php4,000.00).
83
What fine is imposed for violations of the national inspection and maintenance program?
Not less than Thirty thousand pesos (Php30,000.00) or cancellation of license.
84
What is the penalty for a first offense under the Motor Vehicle Registration regulations?
A fine of not less than Four thousand pesos (Php4,000.00)
85
What is the penalty for a second offense under the Motor Vehicle Registration regulations?
A fine of not less than Four thousand pesos (Php4,000.00) and not more than Six thousand pesos (Php6,000.00)
86
What is the penalty for a third offense under the Motor Vehicle Registration regulations?
One (1) year suspension of the Motor Vehicle Registration and a fine of not less than Four thousand pesos (Php4,000.00) and not more than Six thousand pesos (Php6,000.00)
87
What is the penalty for violating the national inspection and maintenance program?
A fine of not less than Thirty thousand pesos (Php30,000.00) or cancellation of the technician's and center's license
88
Who must undergo mandatory training on emission standards and regulations?
All law enforcement officials and deputized agents accredited to conduct vehicle emissions testing and apprehensions
89
What is the fine for violations of other provisions in the Act?
A fine of not less than Ten thousand pesos (Php10,000.00) but not more than One hundred thousand pesos (Php100,000.00) or imprisonment of six (6) months to six (6) years or both
90
What constitutes a gross violation of the Act?
Three or more specific offenses within (1) year, blatant disregard of PAB orders, or irreparable damage to the environment
91
What is the imprisonment penalty for gross violations of the Act?
Not less than six (6) years but not more than ten (10) years
92
What program is authorized to assist workers laid off due to compliance with the Act?
A compensation, retraining, and relocation program
93
How much is appropriated for the initial implementation of the Act?
Seven hundred fifty million pesos (Php750,000,000.00)
94
What is the role of the Department regarding the implementing rules and regulations?
To promulgate the implementing rules and regulations within one (1) year after enactment
95
When must the Department report to Congress on pollution control efforts?
Not later than March 30 of every year following the approval of this Act
96
What is the composition of the joint congressional oversight committee?
Five (5) senators and five (5) representatives
97
What happens if any provision of the Act is declared unconstitutional?
The remainder of the Act shall not be affected
98
What is the effectivity period of this Act after publication?
Fifteen (15) days
99
What laws are repealed by this Act?
Presidential Decree No. 1181 and modifications to Presidential Decree Nos. 1152, 1586, and 984
100
When was this Act finally passed by the Senate and House of Representatives?
May 13, 1999 and May 10, 1999, respectively
101
