Env Science Chapter 10 test

Question 1

What is surface runoff?

Answer 1

precipitation water that is on the surface

Question 2

What is fracking?

Answer 2

Drilling wells and pumping up water

Question 3

What is subsidence?

Answer 3

depression of the land or sinkhole.

Question 4

What is virtual water?

Answer 4

Water that is used in the products we use: like making clothes or food.

Question 5

What is water footprint?

Answer 5

How much water a person uses

Question 6

What is point-source pollution

Answer 6

when you know where the pollution comes from.

Question 7

What is non-point source pollution

Answer 7

when you don’t know where pollution comes from

Question 8

What is politics of scarcity?

Answer 8

describe conflicts between countries over short supplies water

Question 9

What is primary sewage treatment

Answer 9

Taking all the solid debris out of the wastewater at the wastewater treatment plant

Question 10

What is secondary sewage treatment?

Answer 10

Bacteria used to clean waste water in the waste water treatment plants

Question 11

What is grey water?

Answer 11

Water that has already been used but can be used again.

Question 12

What is reliable surface runoff?

Answer 12

Water above ground that can be depended upon to be in the right place at the right time.

Question 13

What is groundwater?

Answer 13

Type of water that is hard but no impossible to clean up.

Question 14

If subsidence occurs it can be repaired (T OR F)

Answer 14

FALSE

Question 15

These big structures can get rid of salt from water

Answer 15

desalinization plant

Question 16

How fast does water in an aquifer move?

Answer 16

1 meter, (3ft per year)

Question 17

A way to reduce waterwaste and surface runoff from agriculture is by implementing

Answer 17

better irrigation practices

Question 18

Least effective way to water crops

Answer 18

flood irrigation because it washes the soil away and causes erosion.

Question 19

Aquifers are the most difficult to clean because

Answer 19

the flow is slow

Question 20

How does eating less meat in your diet help save water?

Answer 20

If we eat less meat, we are using less water to grow the crops for the cows to eat. (virtual water)

Question 21

Why is it difficult to manage the water consumption from the Colorado river?

Answer 21

Tragedy of the commons, they don’t share it evenly.

Question 22

The area where the greatest amount of ocean water pollution occurs

Answer 22

the coast

Question 23

Dead zones areas where the is not enough to support life is due to cultural eutrophication and runoff where would we find freshwater cultural eutrophication

Answer 23

shallow body of water.

Question 24

This is what causes the most oil pollution in the ocean

Answer 24

Runoff from land

Question 25

Why do some countries have a lot of water and others do not?

Answer 25

Water is not evenly distributed. Example Canada and China.

Question 26

Type of toilet that turns waste into natural fertilizer (humus).

Answer 26

Composting toilet

Question 27

What is the benefit of artificial wetlands?

Answer 27

It reduces flooding

Question 28

What effect does agriculture have on groundwater. Can polluted groundwater be cleaned up?

Answer 28

Agricultural contaminants can impair the quality of surface water and groundwater. Yes it can be cleaned up.

Question 29

Oceans become polluted in many ways, what are examples (from the textbook) for point source pollution in the ocean and non-point source pollution.

Answer 29

point source- a pipe from a
company drains directly into a stream, plastic cups with a
cruise ship logo washes up on the beach.

non-point source-runoff from farms comes from
many farms, pollution from cars comes from many cars

Question 30

How does non-point source pollution get into the different bodies of water?

Answer 30

By rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground.

Question 31

How do algae blooms develop? (what causes them) and what effect does algae blooms have on water?

Answer 31

Nutrient overload so cultural eutrophication is the cause of algae blooms. It depletes dissolved oxygen and kills off fish and marine organisms in bottom waters.

Question 32

What causes the majority of oil pollution in the oceans?

Answer 32

runoff from land

Question 33

What is the connection between freshwater supply and politics of scarcity?

Answer 33

it compares freshwater availability with the amount used by humans.

Question 34

What is the connection between freshwater supply and politics of scarcity?

Answer 34

it compares freshwater availability with the amount used by humans.

Question 35

What is cultural eutrophication

Answer 35

chemical runoff causes nutrient enrichment of lakes and the mouths of
rivers

Question 36

natural eutrophication

Answer 36

process that occurs as a result of a gradual buildup of nutrients and organic matter in water resources over a very long period of time.

Question 37

difference between natural and cultural eutrophication

Answer 37

They are both the same thing but natural eutrophication takes longer to gain the nutrients.

Question 38

In what body of water would cultural eutrophication be most apparent?

Answer 38

In shallow ponds

Question 39

Can cultural eutrophication be prevented?

Answer 39

Yes, by preventing excess nutrients from reaching water bodies.

Question 40

How does a composting toilet process waste

Answer 40

By mixing the waste with sawdust, peat moss or coconut coir and venting the flow of air outward, the toilet eliminates odor through an anaerobic processing system.