Env Science Chapter 10 test Flashcards
What is surface runoff?
precipitation water that is on the surface
What is fracking?
Drilling wells and pumping up water
What is subsidence?
depression of the land or sinkhole.
What is virtual water?
Water that is used in the products we use: like making clothes or food.
What is water footprint?
How much water a person uses
What is point-source pollution
when you know where the pollution comes from.
What is non-point source pollution
when you don’t know where pollution comes from
What is politics of scarcity?
describe conflicts between countries over short supplies water
What is primary sewage treatment
Taking all the solid debris out of the wastewater at the wastewater treatment plant
What is secondary sewage treatment?
Bacteria used to clean waste water in the waste water treatment plants
What is grey water?
Water that has already been used but can be used again.
What is reliable surface runoff?
Water above ground that can be depended upon to be in the right place at the right time.
What is groundwater?
Type of water that is hard but no impossible to clean up.
If subsidence occurs it can be repaired (T OR F)
FALSE
These big structures can get rid of salt from water
desalinization plant
How fast does water in an aquifer move?
1 meter, (3ft per year)
A way to reduce waterwaste and surface runoff from agriculture is by implementing
better irrigation practices
Least effective way to water crops
flood irrigation because it washes the soil away and causes erosion.
Aquifers are the most difficult to clean because
the flow is slow
How does eating less meat in your diet help save water?
If we eat less meat, we are using less water to grow the crops for the cows to eat. (virtual water)
Why is it difficult to manage the water consumption from the Colorado river?
Tragedy of the commons, they don’t share it evenly.
The area where the greatest amount of ocean water pollution occurs
the coast
Dead zones areas where the is not enough to support life is due to cultural eutrophication and runoff where would we find freshwater cultural eutrophication
shallow body of water.
This is what causes the most oil pollution in the ocean
Runoff from land
Why do some countries have a lot of water and others do not?
Water is not evenly distributed. Example Canada and China.
Type of toilet that turns waste into natural fertilizer (humus).
Composting toilet
What is the benefit of artificial wetlands?
It reduces flooding
What effect does agriculture have on groundwater. Can polluted groundwater be cleaned up?
Agricultural contaminants can impair the quality of surface water and groundwater. Yes it can be cleaned up.
Oceans become polluted in many ways, what are examples (from the textbook) for point source pollution in the ocean and non-point source pollution.
point source- a pipe from a
company drains directly into a stream, plastic cups with a
cruise ship logo washes up on the beach.
non-point source-runoff from farms comes from
many farms, pollution from cars comes from many cars
How does non-point source pollution get into the different bodies of water?
By rainfall or snowmelt moving over and through the ground.
How do algae blooms develop? (what causes them) and what effect does algae blooms have on water?
Nutrient overload so cultural eutrophication is the cause of algae blooms. It depletes dissolved oxygen and kills off fish and marine organisms in bottom waters.
What causes the majority of oil pollution in the oceans?
runoff from land
What is the connection between freshwater supply and politics of scarcity?
it compares freshwater availability with the amount used by humans.
What is the connection between freshwater supply and politics of scarcity?
it compares freshwater availability with the amount used by humans.
What is cultural eutrophication
chemical runoff causes nutrient enrichment of lakes and the mouths of
rivers
natural eutrophication
process that occurs as a result of a gradual buildup of nutrients and organic matter in water resources over a very long period of time.
difference between natural and cultural eutrophication
They are both the same thing but natural eutrophication takes longer to gain the nutrients.
In what body of water would cultural eutrophication be most apparent?
In shallow ponds
Can cultural eutrophication be prevented?
Yes, by preventing excess nutrients from reaching water bodies.
How does a composting toilet process waste
By mixing the waste with sawdust, peat moss or coconut coir and venting the flow of air outward, the toilet eliminates odor through an anaerobic processing system.
