Enumeration (With Meaning) Flashcards
It assigns to people different
attributes as a result of differences. People are treated differently due to their presumed ethnic
characteristics
Attributions
In this process, one assumes that persons who fall into a particular category on the basis of certain characteristics also have many characteristics that we assume to belong to that category
Stereotype
Social scientists find that people
need to compare themselves with others in order to
establish for themselves what kind of people they are.
Social Comparison
Once we categorize people
through assigning a stereotype, our perception of their
behavior is filtered through that stereotype
Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
According to this, people like
to believe that there is justice, that people get what
they deserve
Just-World Hypothesis
Related to the key role of comparison in social life are beliefs about justice or the fair distribution of rewards. We often find that people are
more concerned about establishing equity
A Fair World
Sociologists define power as the
ability to control one’s own life (personal power) and to
control or influence the actions of others (social
power).
Inequalities of Power
The third dimension of social
stratification is prestige. Prestige of individuals and
groups may be defined as the social recognition that a
person or group receives from others. It can be
influenced in a number of ways. It refers to the
esteem, respect, or approval that is granted by an
individual or a collectivity for performance or qualities
they consider above the average
Inequalities of Prestige
The income of any family depends
on what its members earn and that they own. Two
families, for example, may have similar income, but one
my come entirely from salaries while the other may
come chiefly from owning farm, real estate,
apartments, stocks, bonds, and others. What people
own is called wealth, and is often inherited. It consists
of the value of everything a person or group owns
Wealth and Income
This is also known as the class system.
Open System
This is also known as the caste system.
Status is ascribed and determines at birth and people
are locked into their parents’ social position.
Closed System
the voluntary
movement of people from one geographical area to
another which is determined by numerous factors. This
is a free movement.
Voluntary Migration
This takes several forms such as
the expulsion of unwanted people, the herding of
people into reservation areas and concentration camps,
or the transportation of enslaved individuals and
groups.
Forced Migration
These are minority groups who are
designated by their ethnicity based on cultural
differences such as language, attitudes towards
marriage and parenting, and food habits, among others
Ethnic Groups
refer to those minorities
and corresponding majorities who are classified
according to obvious physical differences. The obvious
physical characteristics may refer to hair color, color
of the skin, or shape of earlobe. The designation of
racial group emphasizes physical differences as
opposed to cultural distinction.
Racial Groups
basis for minority group
status is association with religion other than the
dominant faith
Religious Groups
Generally, males are the social
majority. Females, although more numerous, are
relegated the position of social minority. Women are
considered the minority in many societies even though
they do not exhibit all the characteristics.
Gender Groups
a society in which
ethnic and racial groups maintain their distinctiveness
but treat one another with respect. Pluralism is a
philosophy that not only assume that minorities have
rights but also considers the lifestyle of a minority
group in be a legitimate and even a desirable way of
participating in society, it is a reaction against
assimilation and melting pot idea
Pluralism
This occurs when a minority
group becomes integrated into the dominant society. In
this way, cultural differences are lessened.
Assimilation
This is considered the ultimate solution to
intergroup conflict — the mass murder of an ethnic or
racial group
Genocide
This occurs when two or more groups
in a society vie for power and privilege. It is mostly to
develop when a society is split into two main ethnic or
racial groups
Ethnic Struggle
subordination of one group and the assumption or
position of authority, power, and domination by the
other
Subjugation
refers to the
treatment of a group of people as property, rather
than as person
Slavery
This refers to the process of forcing a
group to leave the territory where they reside. This
can be made indirectly by making life in the area very
miserable.
Expulsion
