Entropy, Enthalpy, and Free Energy

Question 1

Entropy

Answer 1

A measure of molecular randomness or disorder; a thermodynamic function describing the number of arrangements available to a system in a given state

Question 2

Positional probability

Answer 2

Depends on the number of configurations in space that yield a particular state

Question 3

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 3

In any spontaneous process there is always an increase in the entropy of the universe. The entropy of the universe is increasing.

Question 4

-∆G

Answer 4

Decrease in free energy = spontaneous process

Question 5

∆S is positive, ∆H is negative

Answer 5

Spontaneous at all temperatures

Question 6

∆S is positive, ∆H is positive

Answer 6

Spontaneous at high temperatures

Question 7

∆S is negative, ∆H is negative

Answer 7

Spontaneous at low temperatures

Question 8

∆S is negative, ∆H is positive

Answer 8

Process is not spontaneous at any temperature

Question 9

Standard free energy change

Answer 9

∆G: The change in free energy that will occur if the reactants in their standard states are converted to the products in their standard states

Question 10

Standard free energy of formation

Answer 10

∆Gf: the change in free energy that accompanies the formation of 1 mole of that substance from its constituent elements with all reactants and products in their standard states

Question 11

Equilibrium point

Answer 11

Occurs at the lowest value of free energy available to the reaction system

Question 12

Spontaneous process

Answer 12

Occurs without outside intervention, may be fast or slow; driven by increases in entropy in the universe