Entropy and other Term 4 stuff Flashcards
What is a spontanious process?
Occurs naturally under certain conditions
What are non-spontanious conditions?
Will not take place unless it is driven by energy from an external force.
What is entropy
it refers to the distribution of available energy among particles
What is the Gibbs Free energy equasion
What are the different temo dependence of spontinaity
What is Le Chatilier’s princible
If a change is made in a system that is in equilibrium, the balance beween the forward and rverse reactions will shift to offset this change and return the system to equilibrium.
What is the equasion for position of an equilibrium
R=products
reactants
R is smaller than 0.1 (more reactants)
R is bigger than 10 (more products)
R is between 0.1-10 (at equilibrium)
What is the role of a catalyst in an equilibrium reaction?
The same equilibrium is reached- just reached more quickley as both activation energies are reduced.
How can a non-equilibrium concentration be seen to shift to the left or right
Q= (C)c(D)d
(A)a(B)b
Q is bigger than Keq: shift to the left
Q is smaller than Keq: shofts to the right
What are the features of Keq
Keq much smaller than 1: equilibrium lies to the left
Keq is much bigger than 1: equilibrium lies to the right
Keq=1: at a equilibrium (0.1-10 is good)
What are some things that disturb equilibrium
- Increase/decrease concentration of product of reactant (Equilibrium responds with opposite change)
- Add/subtract of pressure (Increase pressure it goes to the side with the least gas mols)
- Concentration (If you add more mixture to the reactant it will start making more product)
- Temperature increase/decrease
Solubility of ionic compounds
What are compounds that are soluble?
- Group 1 and NH4 compounds
- Nitrates
- Acetates (ethanotates)
- Chlorides, bromides and iodides (Except Ag and Pb)
- Sulfates (except Ag, Pb, Ba, Sr and Ca)
Solubility of ionic compounds
What are compounds that are unsoluble?
- Carbonates, sulfites and phosphates (except Group 1 and NH4 compounds)
- Hydeoxides, oxides(expect Group 1, NH4, Ba, Sr and Ca)
- Sulfides (Except Groups 1,2 and NH4)
What does it mean when something is saturated and how does it relate to equilibrium?
Saturated means it is as wet as it can possibly be. If you reach saturation you get a dynamic equilibrium.
What is the difference between full ionic equations, net ionic and neutral species?
- Full Ionic Equation
This shows all the ions in a reaction separately, including both the ions that participate in the reaction and those that don’t (spectator ions) - Net Ionic Equation
This removes the spectator ions and shows only the ions directly involved in forming the product. - Neutral Species Equation (Molecular Equation)
This shows compounds in their complete form without splitting them into ions, representing them as they were before they dissolved or reacted.
Explain why concentration changes the equilibrium.
Explain why pressure changes the equilibrium.
Explain why temperature changes the equilibrium.
