Entropy Flashcards
Choose the natural variables for Gibbs energy
Temperature and Pressure
Natural variables for internal energy.
Entropy and Volume
Gibbs energy is a way to calculate the __________ ___________ _____________ a system can do on its surroundings
Maximum nonexpansion work
Maxwell relations are derived based only on one property: that the functions are _________ functions
State
A chemical transformation is always spontaneous if ΔSR
Exothermic
A chemical transformation is __________ spontaneous if ΔSR > 0 and the reaction is endothermic.
Never
A chemical transformation is ________ spontaneous if ΔSR > 0 and ΔUR
Always
Explain why GIbbs free energy was made and why cant we use entropy for certain conditions?
The change in gibbs free energy expresses the total entropy change of the system and its surroundings in terms of properties of the system alone. If we used, entropy we would have to find both the change in entropy and system to calculate total entropy.
What is required for a process to be spontaneous?
The total entropy including the system and surroundings must be positive.
What is the restriction of Gibbs free energy?
constant Pressure and temperature
Does gibbs free energy deal with nonexpansion(non PV) or expansion(PV) work?
Gibbs free energy deals with the maximum non-expansion work that can be extracted from the process at constant T and P.
What are types of non-expansion work?
Electrochemical or biological cell or electrical work
For A, what does U and S have to be?
Internal Energy has to be negative and entropy has to be positive, and A has to be negative
For G, what does H, G, and S have to be?
S has to be positive and H has to be negative which makes G negative.
What is the formula for change in G mixing?
change in G=ntotalXRXT(xAlnxA)+(xBlnxB)
