ENTREP- CHAPTER 3

Question 1

Therapeutic

In 2000, ________________________________ endorsed the Millennium Development Goals. This unprecedented agreement by the development community focuses energy and resources on the attainment of eight goals, 18 targets, and 48
performance indicators relating to poverty reduction by 2015.

Answer 1

189 United Nations member states

Question 2

Therapeutic

As health is central to poverty reduction, some goals focus directly on health, covering

Answer 2

maternal mortality, infant mortality, HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.

Question 3

Therapeutic

he emphasis on health promotion, illness prevention, rehabilitation and support services has always been a ____________________ of nursing practice.

Answer 3

fundamental tenet

Question 4

Therapeutic
________________________ facilitates access to health services, as the options are increased and situated more closely within the consumer’s direct environment.

Answer 4

Nursing entrepreneurship

Question 5

Social/Professional

must not neglect the crucial inter-linkages with other parts of the health
system and services.

Answer 5

Independent nursing practice

Question 6

Social/Professional

To avoid ______________________________, nurse entrepreneurs should develop support structures that allow discussion of personal and professional
challenges encountered and facilitate the exchange of data, experiences and creative ideas.

Answer 6

personal and professional isolation

Question 7

Social/Professional

Often such structures are created within the _____________________, promoting contacts among nurse entrepreneurs themselves and between nurse entrepreneurs and
other nurse professionals.

Answer 7

NNA

Question 8

Social/Professional

As maintaining ____________________ is a major responsibility, the nurse entrepreneur should be actively involved in the development of health policy and standards.

Answer 8

quality professional practice

Question 9

Social/Professional

Another responsibility is to keep the _______________________of all options and their consequences, which
can be fulfilled by participating in consumer education campaigns.

Answer 9

consumer well informed

Question 10

International agreements

where the supplier of a health
service in one country makes the
service available to the population living in another country, e.g. telehealth;

Answer 10

Cross-border supply

Question 11

Consumption abroad

where patients travel from one country to another to obtain treatment

Answer 11

Consumption abroad

Question 12

Consumption abroad

he provision of health services on a
for-profit basis by foreign-owned
health care providers or health
transnational corporations;

Answer 12

Commercial presence or
“establishment trade”

Question 13

Provision of health services by foreign people

he delivery of health services in a given country by foreign individuals or the movement and migration of health
workers, e.g. physicians, nurses.

Answer 13

Provision of health services by foreign people

Question 14

Legal

There may be other significant legal specifications that will restrict or
enhance entrepreneurial behavior,
depending on ____________________ and ________________

Answer 14

national/provincial law and conditions.

Question 15

Legal 2

It will be important for the NNA to be involved in this definition process and to
urge government adoption if consistent
terms of reference are to apply to the entire country or state/province.

Answer 15

What authority will define the scope of practice of the nurse entrepreneur?

Question 16

Legal 2

National/state legislation may need to be introduced that will delegate the authority necessary to develop appropriate criteria. The NNA sometimes takes the initiative in this domain, developing professional standards when no relevant legislation exists.

Answer 16

What authority will define the scope of practice of the nurse entrepreneur?

Question 17

Legal 2

In most cases, criteria will focus primarily on experience, education and expertise, the weighting of each depending on field realities.

e.g bachelor’s degree, one year post-basic education)

Answer 17

What criteria will be applied?

Question 18

Legal 2

Nurse entrepreneurs should be registered in order to have a permanent record for data collection and future research/evaluation. Mechanisms must also be developed to monitor the quality of care, process complaints of malpractice and provide grievance machinery.

Answer 18

What regulatory mechanisms will be introduced?

Question 19

Legal 2

Independent practice implies personal responsibility for any professional error, highlighting the importance of adequate coverage for the nurse and employees, if
any. 1

Answer 19

Is professional indemnity required?

Question 20

Legal 2

To guard against potential risk factors, nurse entrepreneurs must consider taking insurance on commercial casualty
(property, liability), workman’s compensation, life insurance, health insurance, retirement insurance, etc.

Answer 20

What other insurance is recommended?

Question 21

Legal 2

Independent practice implies personal responsibility for any professional error, highlighting the importance of adequate coverage for the nurse and employees, if any. 2

Answer 21

Are work contracts required?

Question 22

Legal 2

Confidentiality of records must be maintained. Note that the record is the property of the practice but the information is the property of the client.

Answer 22

What about security?

Question 23

Legal 2

In documenting services, refer to relevant legislation and standards or guidelines for documentation prepared by nursing regulatory bodies. Networking with other entrepreneurs already in practice in nursing or other professions may be helpful. Plans will need to
consider:

• The charting system for nursing assessment, plans,
  intervention and client response:
• Security of confidential information;
• Consent for release of information; and,
• Storage, retention and destruction of records (CNA 1996)
  Electronic medical records add another element to documentation. This technology may improve communication
  and the transmission of information, but patient’s privacy must be carefully protected.

Answer 23

What records need to be kept?

Question 24

Economic

In the past, studies to _________________________________ possible have not sufficiently applied quality indicators (i.e. health outcomes) but have focused mainly on quantitative factors (e.g. throughput, or process indicators).

Answer 24

demonstrate the most cost-effective health services

Question 25

Economic

It is the responsibility of nurses to _________________________ is equally examined before arriving at conclusions that will influence policy and practice.

Answer 25

ensure that the quality of care

Question 26

Economic

The costing of care was not previously considered a priority. Traditionally, hospital nursing care has been included in _________________ costs and never isolated for particular attention.

Answer 26

‘hotel”

Question 27

Economic

-the lack of relevant data and;
-the lack of expertise among nurses in this area.

Answer 27

This resulted in two major deficits

Question 28

Economic

For nurse entrepreneurs to ___________________, they must abandon the notion that costing services is unprofessional and instead actively participate in the development of equitable fees for service.

Answer 28

financially survive

Question 29

Economic

It is important to note that fee for __________________ generally focus primarily on clinical tasks while _______________and _____________ are often absent from the scales.

Answer 29

service lists, health prevention and promotion activities

Question 30

Economic

In systems with a _________________ – where the client pays a percentage directly to the nurse while the rest is
paid by the ______________ – a reliable invoice mechanism should be developed to avoid abuse of the
system. In cases where the client pays the nurse directly, proper invoicing is also recommended to support accurate financial accounting and transparency.

Answer 30

set fee for service, insurance company

Question 31

Ethical

For nurse entrepreneurs to be ____________________, they must be competent and accountable. While
fundamental responsibility lies with the individual nurse entrepreneur, the profession (NNA) must clearly
promote these essential attributes as well. Among the supportive texts and structures required are:
* a clear scope of practice of nurse entrepreneurs;
* standards of education and practice;
* relevant continuing education programmes; and
* functioning regulatory bodies, e.g. council, accrediting
body.

Answer 31

professionally credible

Question 32

Ethical

It is important that __________________ be an integral part of nurse entrepreneurs’ practice and career development strategy.

Answer 32

continuing education

Question 33

Ethical

On the other hand, it is not _________, per se, for nurses to develop a business that requires the patient to pay
directly for the service.

Answer 33

unethical

Question 34

Ethical

It is important to ________________nursing services at their just value.

Answer 34

recognize and reward

Question 35

Ethical

Some NNAs continue to function as ______________ for nurses, sometimes contracted to supply the entire nursing staff of a particular health institution.

Answer 35

employment agencies

Question 36

Ethical

This risk must be recognized and lobbying efforts undertaken so that insurance or government reimbursement policies are in place at ___________________________.

Answer 36

all levels of society

Question 37

Ethical

___________________ and ________________ coupled with a potential isolation from the nursing community
demand that exposure to professional literature and technical educational programmes be maintained.

Answer 37

Rapid scientific and professional advances

Question 38

Ethical

insurance companies or governments do not systematically reimburse nursing fees, there is a danger that direct access to independent nursing services will be available only to those who can afford to pay, thus creating a ___________________.

Answer 38

two-tiered system