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HOSA > Entrance Exam > Flashcards

Entrance Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Neurology

A

Neurology is the study of the different diseases impacting the nervous system along with the diagnostic and treatment procedures associated with these diseases.

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2
Q

Neuroscience vs Neurology

A

Neuroscience is the study of the functions of the nervous system while neurology is specifically related to diseases.

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3
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of meninges of the brain and spinal cord. This condition is characterized by intense headaches and flu like sympto

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4
Q

Meningioma

A

Slow growing usually benign tumor of the meninges

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5
Q

Hydrocephalus

A
  • Condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in
    the ventricles of brain
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6
Q

Meningocele

A

Congenital herniation of the meninges through defect in skull or spinal cord( congenital means present at birth)

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7
Q

Encephalocele

A

Congenital herniation of brain tissue through gap in skull

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8
Q

Tourette Syndrome

A

Complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics, grunts and compulsive utterances

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9
Q

Tetanus

A

Also known as lockjaw is an infection of the central nervous system caused by toxin produced by tetanus bacteria. This is acquired through deep puncture wound

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10
Q

Reye’s Syndrome

A

Serious and potentially deadly disorder in children characterized by vomiting and confusion.

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11
Q

Encephalitis

A

inflammation of the brain caused by viral infection like rabies

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12
Q

Dementia

A

Slowly progressive decline in mental abilities including memory, thinking and judgement that is often accompanied by personality changes.

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13
Q

Senile Dementia

A

Dementia of the Aged

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14
Q

Parkinson’s Disease

A

Chronic degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscles tremors, rigidity and slow or shuffling gait. Caused due to inadequate neurotransmitter dopamine

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15
Q

Als

A

Also known as Lou Gehrig’s diseases is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

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16
Q

Cranial Hematoma

A

Collection of blood trapped in tissues of the brain

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17
Q

Brain Tumour

A

Abnormal growth in skull
● Malignant Brain Tumour destroys the brain tissue.
● Benign Brain Tumour does not invade the brain tissue.

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18
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that cause paralysis of the face only on one side. Paralysis symptoms also include inability to close the eye, pain tering, drooling and hypersensitivity to sound

19
Q

Guillain Barre Syndrome

A

An inflammation of the myelin sheath of the peripheral nerves characterized by rapidly worsening muscles that can lead to temporary paralysis. This rare condition is an autoimmune reaction that can occur after viral infection or an immunizatio

20
Q

Neuritis

A

Inflammation of the nerve

21
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Characterized by severe lightning like pain due to inflammation of the
fifth cranial nerve. Affects cheek lip and gums on one side of the face

22
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath. This disorder scars the brain, spinal cord and optic nerve

23
Q

Ischemic Stroke

A

Flow of blood to the brain is blocked by narrowing or blockage of carotid artery

24
Q

Cerebral Palsy

A

Condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects and other neurological deficiencies which affect the cerebrum

25
Q

Epilepsy

A

Condition in which episodes of varying seizures occur of varying severity.

26
Q

Seizure

A

surge of electrical activity that affects how a person feels or act

27
Q

Peripheral Neuropathy

A

Disorder of the peripheral nerves. This produces the loss of sensation and inability to control muscles particularly in arms and legs

28
Q

Restless legs syndrome

A

Neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable feeling in legs which produces urge to move them

29
Q

Myelitis and Myelosis

A

Myelitis - Inflammation of spinal cord
Myelosis - Tumour of the spinal cord

30
Q

Poliomyelitis

A

Known as polio is highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes leads to paralysis.

31
Q

MRI and CT

A

Neuroimaging tools that facilitate the examination of soft tissue structure

32
Q

Carotid ultrasonography

A

The ultrasound study of the of the carotid artery. Use to detect chances
of ischemic stroke

33
Q

Echoencephalography

A

The use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnostic purposes

34
Q

Electroencephalography

A

The process of the recording the electrical activity of the brain though the use of the electrodes attaches to the suck.

35
Q

Myelography

A

Study of the spinal cord after contrast medium is injected through lumbar punture

36
Q

Electromygraphy

A

Utilizes electrodes taped to the skin to measure the transfer of electrical
signals in peripheral nerve

37
Q

Lumbar puncture

A

Also known as spinal tap is the process of obtaining a sample of cerebrospinal fluid by inserting needle into subarachnoid space of lumbar region to withdraw fluid

38
Q

Hypnotic

A

Medication with the main purposes of depressing the central nervous system and causes sleep

39
Q

Deep brain stimulation

A

Neurological procedure used for the treatment of dystonia, tremors and Parkinson’s Disease. During this treatment a device is used to the stimulate the brain with mild electrical signals which is implanted in the brain and is connected to stimulator implanted near collar bone

40
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy

A

Also known as electroshock therapy is a procedure in which small amounts of electric currents is the passed through the brain

41
Q

Lobectomy

A

Surgical removal of a portion of the brain to treat brain cancer or seizure that can’t be controlled with medication

42
Q

Thalamotomy

A

Surgical incision into the thalamus. Use to treat Parkinson’s Disease

43
Q

Transcranial Magnetic stimulation

A

Uses powerful electromagnetic pulses in alter electrical pathways in the brain

HOSA (1 decks)

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