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Entomology > Entomology Pt. 1 -Exam One > Flashcards

Entomology Pt. 1 -Exam One Flashcards

1
Q

Insects have a ___________ circulatory system. In this type of circulatory system blood bathes the internal organs due to a lack of veins and arteries.

A

Open

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2
Q

Define the vocabulary from the respiratory system with its correct definition. Air Sacks, Tracheoles, Trachea and Spiracles

A

Air Sacks - Expansions of the tracheae, make insects lighter for flight, make room for growth
Tracheoles - Small air tubes that eventually bring air directly to cells
Trachea - Large air tubes lined with cuticle that is shed at molt
Spiracles - Opening in the respiratory system, some may have additions of vents or filter apparats

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3
Q

Nerve cells communicate between each other _______________.

A

Chemically

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4
Q

What are the two functions of camouflage in insects?

A

Ambush prey and Hide from predators

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5
Q

An axonic poison like those described in class will alter the proper resting membrane potential. This means that the ________ communication within the cell is disrupted.

A

Electrical

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6
Q

Which one of these is NOT a function of the insect circulatory system?

A

Oxygen Transport

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7
Q

Define the types of ganglia with what they control in an insect body.

A

Thoracic Ganglia - One ganglia per segment, controls movement of the wings and legs
Brain - Three fused ganglia, interprets input from eyes and antenna
Abdominal Ganglia - Controls genitals and reproduction parts

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8
Q

What is the scientific name of insect ears?

A

Tympanic Organs

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9
Q

Define the vocabulary of the circulatory system with the correct definition. Accessory Hearts, Ostia, Heart and Hemolymph

A

Accessory Hearts - Pump hemolymph into extremities
Ostia - One way valves in the heart that helps push hemolymph towards the insects head
Heart - Hollow tube on the dorsal plane of the insect that helps move hemolymph around the body
Hemolymph - Insect Blood

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10
Q

Insects detect smell using ___________________.

A

Chemoreceptors

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11
Q

The study of insects and other arthropods is called what?

A

Entomology

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12
Q

What are problems with original polynomial names?

A
  1. Hard to communicate them effectively
  2. Took up a lot of space to write
  3. Easy to misspell
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13
Q

What is the smallest insect in the world?

A

Fairyfly

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14
Q

What is the correct way to write a scientific name?

A
  1. Capitalize the first letter of the first word
  2. Italicize the entire word

EX. Danaus plexippus

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15
Q

What is the “poster child” for pollinators mentioned in class

A

Honey bees

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16
Q

What products do we get from insects?

A
  1. Shellac
  2. Dyes
  3. Honey
  4. Silk
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17
Q

What percentage of insects are harmful?

A

1%

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18
Q

What rule about binomial nomenclature is incorrect?

A

Must always have the author noted

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19
Q

What are some examples of Crustacea?

A

Crabs, lobsters, shrimp and sowbugs

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of arthropods?

A
  1. Segmented body parts
  2. Paired segmented appendages
  3. Bilateral symmetry
  4. Exoskeleton
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21
Q

What is the common name of the order Chilopoda?

A

Centipedes

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22
Q

What type of venom does a Black widow have?

A

Neurotoxin

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23
Q

The order Diplopoda has 2 pairs of legs per segment, what is the common name of individuals in this order?

A

Millipedes

24
Q

What is the common name of the class Diptera?

A

True flies

25
Q

What order has 3 pairs of legs, 1 pair of antennae, 3 body regions known as the head, thorax, and abdomen, and typically has two pairs of wings?

A

Insecta

26
Q

How is color in insects formed?

A
  1. Genetics
  2. Shape of the exoskeleton
  3. Food
27
Q

What are the two body regions in the order Arachnida?

A

Cephalothorax and abdomen

28
Q

What is the living part of the insect’s exoskeleton?

A

Epidermis

29
Q

What type of venom does a brown recluse spider have?

A

Proteolytic

30
Q

What is the name for an antlion larva?

A

Doodlebug

31
Q

The movement of two specialized body parts against one another in a repeating pattern is called what?

A

Stridulation

32
Q

What type of pheromones are laid down to help other members of the colony locate food items?

A

Trail Pheromones

33
Q

In insects, sex attractants are pheromones that are responsible for what?

A

Attract Opposite sex

34
Q

What color can most insects not see?

A

Red

35
Q

According to the lecture, what is the loudest insect in the world?

A

African Cicada

36
Q

Define the parts of the eye - Compound Eyes, Ommatidia and Ocelli

A

Compound eyes - most prevalent eyes on the insects - responsible for making the image
Ommatidia - Facets on the surface of the compound eye
Ocelli - Simple eyes, responsible for light and dark perception. These eyes only see light and dark, no images.

37
Q

What sound production method is characterized by clicking modified cuticle using specialized muscles?

A

Click Mechanism

38
Q

The compound eye is responsible for processing what type of image?

A

Mosaic Images

39
Q

Sound produced by the crackle of wings in flight is called?

A

Crepitation

40
Q

What song is used by crickets that warns other males about invading his territory?

A

Aggressive Song

41
Q

Why are insects important? 5 reasons

A
  1. Insects produce shellac, dyes, honey and silk
  2. Pollinators - provide pollination to our crops which is necessary for food production
  3. Control undesirable pests
  4. Aid in research in medicine and genetics
  5. Important part of the human food chain in cultures around the world
42
Q

How is classification determine?

A

Classification is based on shared traits or features - things that these animals and plants have in common with each other.

43
Q

What is Taxon?

A

Taxon is a distinct group of organisms

44
Q

What is the history of classification?

A

Oldest classification scheme was by Aristotle, a book Historia Animalium was called Scala Naturae. Humans rated more perfect and insects less perfect.

45
Q

What are the rules concerning species?

A
  1. Species Name is binomial - Genus + specific epithet
  2. Universal - must be latin or greek
  3. Species name is unique
  4. Set off from the rest of the text - usually italicized or underlined
  5. Species is singular and plural
46
Q

What are the various classes of Arthropods?

A

Crustacea, Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Arachnida

47
Q

What is insect morphology?

A

It is the study of the form and structure of insects. It tells us the type of insects something is, how the insect feeds and other things pertaining to their survival.

48
Q

What are the components and functions of the various insect systems? (E.g. exoskeleton, circulatory system, etc.)

A

Basement membrane - noncellular innermost layer
Epidermis - the living cellular layer
Cuticle - (3 layers) nonliving outer layer, secreted by epidermis. The shell of the exoskeleton. (Endocuticle, Exocuticle, Epicuticle)

49
Q

How is the nervous system of an insect different from that of humans?

A
  • Ventral nerve cord vs. Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • What is it in mammals? (humans): Brain and Dorsal Nerve cord (spinal cord) run along the back
  • How is it different in arthropods? Brain and Ventral nerve cord run along their stomach
50
Q

What are the types of neurons?

A

Sensory - receive stimulus from outside, pass to nerve centers
Interneuron - connect sensory neurons to motor neurons
Motor - neurons triggering a muscular response

51
Q

How does the nervous system work? Communication of neurons (electrical and chemical)? Action potential?

A
  • How it works - It is different in insects because they have a ventral nerve cord that runs along the belly
    Communication -
    Electrical - communication within the cell (neuron)
  • Action potential - temporary change in cell membrane charge

Chemical - communication between cells (neurons) this is how nerve cells communicate between each other

  • Neurotransmitter (acetylcholine) dumped into synapse
  • Attaches to receptor on next neuron
  • Starts electrical impulse
  • Enzymes (Acetylcholinesterase) released that inactivate the neurotransmitter
52
Q

What is the relationship of the nervous system and insecticides?

A

Insecticides

  • Synaptic poisons - affect region. e.g . neurotransmitters, etc.
  • Axonic poisons - alter proper resting membrane potential. Effects the electrical part
  • Many insecticides cause nerves to continually fire
53
Q

What are the types of senses and sense receptors found in insects? 7 receptors

A
  • Mechanoreceptors - detect movement of outside world; insect’s perception of its body.
  • Sound Mechanoreceptors - Tympanic organs - insect ears; found in many different locations
  • Proprioceptors - insects sensing changes in it’s own body
  • Chemoreceptors - detect chemicals/ insects sense of smell
  • Photoreceptors - detect light waves - helps them fly
  • Hygroreceptors - detect humidity gradients
  • Thermoreceptors - Heat receptors - Mosquitoes and other blood feeders are attracted and induced to feed by heat
54
Q

How and what do insects see?

A

Insects see using photoreceptors and see in mosaic images in every color but red. They see polarized light and Ultraviolet lights to orange.

Only Butterflies can see from ultraviolet to red. They see the most light/colors out of all animalia.

55
Q

Why do insects make sounds?

A

-Defense
- Communication with Mates
Mate searching
Mate Recognition
Courtship
- Communication with rivals
- Communication with offspring
- Finding Prey

56
Q

What are the categories of sound production? 5 categories

A
  • Stridulation - Movement of two specialized body parts against one another in a repeating pattern
  • Vibration- Rapid movement of unspecialized body parts
  • Percussion: Movement of a body part against the substrate - Often movement of abdomen against the ground
  • Click mechanism - “Clicking” of modified cuticle by specialize muscles. Best known in cicadas
  • Air expulsion - Sounds produced by forcing air out of the tracheal system. Examples: Death’s head Hawk Moths and Madagascar Hissing Cockroach

Entomology (2 decks)

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