ENTOMOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
the study of parasites, their life cycle, morphology, pathogenicity, transmission, epidemiology, and counter.
A
PARASITOLOGY
2
Q
A relationship in which one of the participants live at the expense of its host.
A
PARASITISM
2
Q
It is an organism that whish for the purpose of procuring food or food and shelter, visits briefly or take up abode temporarily or permanently outside or inside the body of another organism where it is usually does harm.
A
PARASITE
2
Q
Scope of Veterinary Parasitology
A
- VET ENTOMOLOGY
- VET PROTOZOOLOGY
- VET HELMINTHOLOGY
2
Q
Kinds of parasite
A
1.OPTIONAL OCCASIONAL PARASITE
2. OBLIGATE OCCATSIONAL PARASITE
3. DETERMINATE TRANSITORY PARASITE
4. PERMANENT PARASITE
5. FIXED PARASITE
6. PROTELEAN PARASITE
7. MONOXENOUS PARASITE
8. HETEROXENOUS PARASITE
9. ENDOPARASITE/ INTERNAL PARASITE
10. EXOPARASITE/ EXTERNAL PARASITE
11. FACULTATIVE PARASITE
12. PSEUDO PARASITE
3
Q
A kind of parasite that briefly visits their host to obtain nourishment, but not dependent upon them for their nourishment or shelter.
A
OPTIONAL OCCASIONAL PARASITE
4
Q
A parasite the do not permanently live upon their host but are dependent upon them for nourishment and to some extent for shelter.
A
OBLIGATE OCCASIONAL PARASITE
5
Q
A
5
Q
Parasitism extend from the time of hatching of eggs to the time the eggs are produce by the adult.
They can be transmitted though contact
A
PERMANENT PARASITE
5
Q
A
5
Q
Parasitism is limited to a definite stage or stages in their life cycle during which time, parasitism can be obligate or continouos
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DETERMINATE TRANSPOSITORY PARASITE
6
Q
Parasite that cannot pass spontaneously from one host to another.
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FIXED PARASITE
7
Q
an insect in which only the immature eggs are parasitic.
A
PROTELEAN PARASITE
8
Q
a parasite that requires a one host to complete their life cycle.
A
MONOXENOUS PARASITE
9
Q
A parasite that requires two or more host to complete their life cycle.
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HETEROXENOUS PARASITE
10
Q
This refer to the host wherein the parasite reached sexual maturity.
A
PRIMARY HOST, DEFINITIVE OR FINAL HOST
11
Q
Other host in which the parasite undergoes juvenile or larval development or asexual multiplication.
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SECONDARY OR INTERMEDIATE HOST
12
Q
Parasites that occur outside the body
A
ECTOPARASITE/EXTERNAL PARASITE
13
Q
Parasite that occur inside the body, specifically in the alimentary canal, blood, muscle, and the other tissue of host.
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ENDOPARASITE/INTERNAL PARASITE
14
Q
The condition produced by the external parasite.
A
INFESTATION
15
Q
The term use referring to the condition having internal parasite.
A
INFECTION
16
Q
A parasite that could exist as both free living and as parasite.
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FACULTATIVE PARASITE
17
Q
Refers to a parasite which are often mistaken for true parasite eggs and larvae, because it resembles them.
A
PSEUDOPARASITE.
18
Q
They serve as carriers.
Final host that harbor infection without showing any signs.
A
RESERVOIR HOST
19
Unnatural host in which it accidentally lodge and transmitted through ingestion.
PARATENIC HOST
20
Host in which parasite eggs, oocysts or adult are accidentally lodged and mechanically transmitted to another host.
TRANSPORT HOST
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Parasites remain dormant or inhibited form for sometime in a natural host.
HYPOBIOSIS/ HISTOTROPIC PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT
22
The period from the time of infection to the time eggs or larvae are demonstrated in the feces.
PREPATENT
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From the time eggs are demonstrated in the feces until the time eggs disappear.
PATENT PERIOD
23
Refers to the presence of parasite larvae or parasite protozoa in the blood.
PARASITEMIA
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A type of parasite that is transferable from animal to man and v.v.
PARASITIC ZOONOSES
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Parasite that is highly specific for animals
ZOOPARASITE
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Parasite that is equally specific for man and animal
ANTHROPOZOOPARASITE
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Parasite that is highly specific for man
ANTHROPOPARASITE
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Man is essential for the life cycle of the parasite.
ENZOONOSES
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It is unstable and unchangeable group. Man is just involved.
PARAZOONOSES
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Refers to a transmission where no change in form or development occurs in the arthropod.
MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION
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Refers to a transmission where there is change in form or development of the parasite or organism occurs in the body of the arthropod.
BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION
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3 types of biological transmission
*CYCLO-PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION
*CYCLO-DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSMISSION
*PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION
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The organism undergo cyclical change, as well as in number in the body of the arthropod.
CYCLO-PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION
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the organism undergo cyclical development changing form and size, but no change in number
CYCLO-DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSMISSION
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The organism undergo multiplication in the arthropod but no cyclical development or change in form or size.
PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION
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transmission of infection to the next generation of ticks
TRANSOVARIAN OR HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION
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The transport of small parasite by the bigger parasite.
PHORESY/PHORESIS
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Factors that influences the degree of harm done by various parasites:
1. NUMBER OF PARASITE
2. LOCATION OF PARASTIE
3. NATURE OF THEIR FOOD
4. MOVEMENT OF PARASITE
5. AGE OF THE HOST
6. VIRULENCE OF PARASITE
38
Parasites harm their host in any of the following way.
1. Absorbing parts of digestive nutrients, vitamins and minerals.
2. Sucking blood and lymph
3. Feeding on the tissues of the host
4. Causing mechanical obstruction or pressure
5. Causing growth of nodules and tumor
6. Perforating blood vessels
7. Causing wounds
8. Destruction of Tissues
9. Irritation and annoyance - interfere with feeding resulting in loss of weight/meat/milk yield.
10. Secretion of toxic and other harmful substances
11. Transmitter of the causal agent of some infectious diseases
12. Reducing the resistance of the host to the other infection.
13. Causing allergy
14. Serving as intermediate host and cyclic transmitter of certain parasites
15. Abortion, infertility, lowered productive/ reproductive performance
16. Decrease feed conversion.
39
what are the 4 secreted toxin and other harmful substances by the parasite that causes harm to the host?
1. ANTIDIGESTIVE ENZYMES
2. ANTICOAGULANT AND HEMOLYTIC ENZYMES
3. DIGESTIVE ENZYMES THAT IS HARMFUL TO HOST TISSUE
4. OTHER SECRETION, EXCRESION AND BODY FLUIDS
39
Associated with one species of host or closely related host
HOST/ SPECIES SPECIFITY
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An immunity that has the presence of natural antibodies.
NATURAL IMMUNITY
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KINDS OF IMMUNITY
1. Natural Immunity
2. Acquired Immunity
3. Age Resistance
40
Each parasite species has its prediction site on the host
ORGAN SPECIFICITY
40
This is a product of antibodies due to infection on or exposure/ pre-immunities.
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
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Acquired resistance due to increase development of acquired immunity.
AGE RESISTANCE
40
The older birds are more resistant than younger birds.
TRUE IMMUNITY
40
Factors that influences the resistance to parasites
1. NUTRITION
2. AGE OF THE HOST
3. VITAMINS
4. CONDITION OF THE HOST
41
An immunity that depends upon the production of specific antibodies
SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY
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Classification of parasitic Immunity
-HUMORAL OR CELLULAR
-GENERAL OR LOCAL
41
In this immunity the body fluid contains antibodies that destroys parasites, inhibit their development, or neutralize toxins.
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
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This type of immunity is comprise of phagocytosis by leukocytes, epsonins, tropins, and other immune bodies that stimulates phagocytosis.
CELLULAR IMMUNITY
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Is a phase of general immunity presents a barrier to the spread and development of the parasite.
LOCAL IMMUNITY
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A state of abnormally exaggerated response to the injection of or contact with an antigen which may be severe or fatal.
SUPERSENSITIVITY
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what are the manifestations of supersensitivity?
-ALLERGY
-ANAPHYLAXIS
-SERUM SICKENSS
-ATOPY
-CONTACT DERMATITIS
45
What are some of the evidences of resistance or immunity of host to parasite?
1. STUNTED OR INHIBITED DEVELOPMENT O PARASITE
2. DECREASE EGG PRODUCTION IN THE PARASITE
3. SLOW MULTIPLICATION OF THE PARASITE
4. DECREASE NUMBER OF PARASITE REACHING MATURITY
5. DECREASE MOTILITY OF THE PARASITE
6. COMPLETE PROTECTION OF THE HOST
46
This refers to the increase number of nematode eggs in the feces of an animals around parturition.
POST PARTURIENT RISE "PPR"
OR
PERIPARTURIENT RICE IN FECAL EGG COUNT
46
What kind of hormone is involve, when PPR took place aside from the temporary relaxation?
LACTOGENIC HORMONE PROLACTIN
47
Sources of PPR
1. MATURATION OF ARRESTED LARVAE DUE TO HOST IMMUNITY.
2. INCREASE ESTABLISHMENT OF INFECTION FROM THE PASTURE
3.INCREASE FECUNDITY OF EXISTING ADULT WORM.
48
Procedures in controlling parasite disease
1. REDUCTION OF THE SOURCE OF INFECTION IN MAN AND ANIMALS
2. EDUCATION TO PREVENT DISSEMINATION OF INFECTION
3. SANITARY CONTROL OF FOOD, WATER, LIVING, AND WORKING CONDITIONS, WASTE DISPOSAL
4. DESCTUCTION OF RESERVOIR HOST AND VECTORS
5. ESTABLISHMENT OF BIOLOGICAL BARRIER TO THE TRANSMISSION OF PARASITES.
48
The study of arthropods and allied insects.
ENTOMOLOGY
49
Refers to a bilaterally symmetrical animal whose body is divided into segments which bear jointed appendages
ARTHROPODS
50
What are the 4 groups of Phylum arthropoda which are of veterinary importance?
1. PARASITIC INSECTS
2. PARASITIC ARACHNIDS
3. PENTASTOMIDA O TONGUE WORM
4. PARASITIC CRUSTACEANS
50
Largest group
Adult with 3 pairs of legs
Body divided into 3 main parts
PARASITIC INSECTS
50
What are the three main parts of parasitic insects?
-HEAD
-ABDOMEN
-THORAX
51
Its body parts are joined together
Adult with 4 pair of legs, 2 pairs of mouth parts without antennae and wings.
PARASITIC ARACHNIDS
52
Adults are wormlike, cylindrical without legs except a 2 pairs of hook near the mouth.
PENTASTOMIDA OR TONGUE WORMS
53
Its main body division are cephalothorax and abdomen. Legs are found on the thoracic and abdominal segments.
PARASITIC CRUSTECEANS
53
Refers to the hallow tube in the wings
VIENS
54
This refers to the surface layer of the body. More or less rigid exoskeleton.
INTEGUMENT OF BODY WALL
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A small animal whose body is divided into: Head, Thorax, and Abdomen.
INSECTS
54
T
54
3 segments of thorax
-PRO
-MESO
-METATHORAX
55
A substance that is deposited in the body wall that makes it hardened.
CHITIN
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What are the insects mouth parts?
1. MANDIBLE
2. HAUSTELLATE
3. PIERCING
4. NON-PIERCING
55
Pleurites or Pleuron refers to?
LATERAL SCLERITE
55
Tergum or Notum refers to?
DORSAL SCLERITE/WALL
56
They/this may act as an intermediate host, carriers or transport host.
VECTORS
57
Sternum or Sternites refers to?
VENTRAL SCLERITE
58
Animal does not exhibit outward clinical sign.
PARASITIASIS
58
Animal does produce signs
PARASITOSIS
59
Affects broad range of final host
EURYXENOUS PARASITE
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Affects narrow range of final host
STENOXENOUS PARASITE
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Harbor, sexual, mature or adult stage
FINAL, OR DEFINITICVE HOST
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Any associations between at least two living organisms of different species.
SYMBIOSIS "LIVING TOGETHER"
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Both organism in symbiont relationship benefit
MUTUALISM
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Harbors asexual, immature or larval stage
INTERMEDIATE HOST
63
An extremely short term relationship in which one symbiont benefit at the expense of the other
PREDATOR-PREY
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Only one symbiont is benefitted although the other neither benefits nor is harm
COMMENSALISM
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Simple life cycle with complete or partial metamorphosis
DIRECT/INCOMPLETE/ HEMITABULOUS LIFE CYCLE
65
Has 4 stages complete life cycle with complete metamorphosis
INDIRECT/COMPLETE/HOLOMETABULOUS LIFE CYCLE
65
Imago refers to?
YOUNG ADULT
65
Egg-Nymph-Adult is what type of life cycle?
DIRECT/INCOMPLETE/ HEMITUBULOUS LIFE CYCLE
65
This refers to each form of insects after each ecdysis
INSTAR
66
Egg-larva-pupa-adult is what type of life cycle?
INDIRECT/COMPLETE/HOLOMETABULOUS LIFE CYCLE
67
Lays larva that immediately turns into pupa
PUPIPAROUS
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Lays un-develop eggs
OVIPAROUS
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Lays larvated eggs
OVIVIPAROUS
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lays egg
LARVIPAROUS
68
Reproduce without fertilization
PARTHENOGENETIC
69
Type of pupa with wings and legs are free from the body and can be seen externally.
EXARATE
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Type of larva that has no legs on the thorax and abdomen
APODOUS
69
Type of larva that has head, 3 pairs of thoracic legs but no abdominal legs
OLIGOPODS
70
Type of larva with heads, 3 segmented thorax and abdomen that has legs.
POLYPODS
71
Type of pupa with wings and legs that are bound to the body by molting fluid but still can be seen externally
OBTECTATE
72
Its last larval skin is retained; hardened skin is encloses pupa hence it can not be seen externally.
COARCTATE
73
The fluid that is found in the hemocoele and is blood like
HEMOLYMPH
73
The space where hemolymph resides or flow.
HEMOCOELE
73
A respiratory organ found in spiders
LUNGBOOK
74
A respiratory organ found in crabs
GILL BOOK
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Respiration organ that can be found in larva, nymph and adult aquatic animals
GILLS
74
This is where food storage and enzyme secretions takes place
MIDGUT/ MESENTERON
74
A small circular opening found in the exoskeleton of insects also called "STIGMATA" in arachnids.
SPIRACLE
74
This is where food absorption and fecal expulsion takes place.
HINDGUT OR PROCTODEUM
74
This is where ingestion, passage and food disintegration takes place
FOREGUT OR STOMADEUM
75
This part is present in arachnids in the process of excretion
COXAL GLAND
75
This part is present in mites and insects in the excretion process.
MALPHIGIAN TUBULE
75
This part is present in crustaceans in the excretion process
NEPHRIDIA
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Feeding an growth stage in the life cycle of the arthropods
LARVA/MAGGOT/GRUB
76
Segmentation stage in the life cycle of the arthropods
EGG
77
Quiescent or non-feeding and immobile stage in the life cycle of the arthropods
PUPA
78
Looks like the adult but not capable of reproduction in the life cycle of the arthropods
NYMPH
79
The reproductive stage in the life cycle of the arthropods
ADULT
80
the stage between molts
STADIA
80
form the stadium
INSTAR
80
Periodic shedding or molting of exoskeleton
ECDYSESS
81
Organism is transmitted by the next developmental stage of ticks
TRANSTADIAL
82
Chronological orders in Taxonomy
DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES
