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PARASITOLOGY > ENTOMOLOGY > Flashcards

ENTOMOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

the study of parasites, their life cycle, morphology, pathogenicity, transmission, epidemiology, and counter.

A

PARASITOLOGY

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2
Q

A relationship in which one of the participants live at the expense of its host.

A

PARASITISM

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2
Q

It is an organism that whish for the purpose of procuring food or food and shelter, visits briefly or take up abode temporarily or permanently outside or inside the body of another organism where it is usually does harm.

A

PARASITE

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2
Q

Scope of Veterinary Parasitology

A
  1. VET ENTOMOLOGY
  2. VET PROTOZOOLOGY
  3. VET HELMINTHOLOGY
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2
Q

Kinds of parasite

A

1.OPTIONAL OCCASIONAL PARASITE
2. OBLIGATE OCCATSIONAL PARASITE
3. DETERMINATE TRANSITORY PARASITE
4. PERMANENT PARASITE
5. FIXED PARASITE
6. PROTELEAN PARASITE
7. MONOXENOUS PARASITE
8. HETEROXENOUS PARASITE
9. ENDOPARASITE/ INTERNAL PARASITE
10. EXOPARASITE/ EXTERNAL PARASITE
11. FACULTATIVE PARASITE
12. PSEUDO PARASITE

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3
Q

A kind of parasite that briefly visits their host to obtain nourishment, but not dependent upon them for their nourishment or shelter.

A

OPTIONAL OCCASIONAL PARASITE

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4
Q

A parasite the do not permanently live upon their host but are dependent upon them for nourishment and to some extent for shelter.

A

OBLIGATE OCCASIONAL PARASITE

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5
Q
A
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5
Q

Parasitism extend from the time of hatching of eggs to the time the eggs are produce by the adult.

They can be transmitted though contact

A

PERMANENT PARASITE

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5
Q
A
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5
Q

Parasitism is limited to a definite stage or stages in their life cycle during which time, parasitism can be obligate or continouos

A

DETERMINATE TRANSPOSITORY PARASITE

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6
Q

Parasite that cannot pass spontaneously from one host to another.

A

FIXED PARASITE

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7
Q

an insect in which only the immature eggs are parasitic.

A

PROTELEAN PARASITE

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8
Q

a parasite that requires a one host to complete their life cycle.

A

MONOXENOUS PARASITE

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9
Q

A parasite that requires two or more host to complete their life cycle.

A

HETEROXENOUS PARASITE

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10
Q

This refer to the host wherein the parasite reached sexual maturity.

A

PRIMARY HOST, DEFINITIVE OR FINAL HOST

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11
Q

Other host in which the parasite undergoes juvenile or larval development or asexual multiplication.

A

SECONDARY OR INTERMEDIATE HOST

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12
Q

Parasites that occur outside the body

A

ECTOPARASITE/EXTERNAL PARASITE

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13
Q

Parasite that occur inside the body, specifically in the alimentary canal, blood, muscle, and the other tissue of host.

A

ENDOPARASITE/INTERNAL PARASITE

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14
Q

The condition produced by the external parasite.

A

INFESTATION

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15
Q

The term use referring to the condition having internal parasite.

A

INFECTION

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16
Q

A parasite that could exist as both free living and as parasite.

A

FACULTATIVE PARASITE

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17
Q

Refers to a parasite which are often mistaken for true parasite eggs and larvae, because it resembles them.

A

PSEUDOPARASITE.

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18
Q

They serve as carriers.
Final host that harbor infection without showing any signs.

A

RESERVOIR HOST

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19
Q

Unnatural host in which it accidentally lodge and transmitted through ingestion.

A

PARATENIC HOST

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20
Q

Host in which parasite eggs, oocysts or adult are accidentally lodged and mechanically transmitted to another host.

A

TRANSPORT HOST

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21
Q

Parasites remain dormant or inhibited form for sometime in a natural host.

A

HYPOBIOSIS/ HISTOTROPIC PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT

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22
Q

The period from the time of infection to the time eggs or larvae are demonstrated in the feces.

A

PREPATENT

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22
Q

From the time eggs are demonstrated in the feces until the time eggs disappear.

A

PATENT PERIOD

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23
Q

Refers to the presence of parasite larvae or parasite protozoa in the blood.

A

PARASITEMIA

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24
Q

A type of parasite that is transferable from animal to man and v.v.

A

PARASITIC ZOONOSES

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25
Q

Parasite that is highly specific for animals

A

ZOOPARASITE

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26
Q

Parasite that is equally specific for man and animal

A

ANTHROPOZOOPARASITE

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26
Q

Parasite that is highly specific for man

A

ANTHROPOPARASITE

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27
Q

Man is essential for the life cycle of the parasite.

A

ENZOONOSES

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28
Q

It is unstable and unchangeable group. Man is just involved.

A

PARAZOONOSES

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29
Q

Refers to a transmission where no change in form or development occurs in the arthropod.

A

MECHANICAL TRANSMISSION

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30
Q

Refers to a transmission where there is change in form or development of the parasite or organism occurs in the body of the arthropod.

A

BIOLOGICAL TRANSMISSION

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31
Q

3 types of biological transmission

A

*CYCLO-PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION
*CYCLO-DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSMISSION
*PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION

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32
Q

The organism undergo cyclical change, as well as in number in the body of the arthropod.

A

CYCLO-PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION

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33
Q

the organism undergo cyclical development changing form and size, but no change in number

A

CYCLO-DEVELOPMENTAL TRANSMISSION

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34
Q

The organism undergo multiplication in the arthropod but no cyclical development or change in form or size.

A

PROPAGATIVE TRANSMISSION

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35
Q

transmission of infection to the next generation of ticks

A

TRANSOVARIAN OR HEREDITARY TRANSMISSION

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36
Q

The transport of small parasite by the bigger parasite.

A

PHORESY/PHORESIS

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37
Q

Factors that influences the degree of harm done by various parasites:

A
  1. NUMBER OF PARASITE
  2. LOCATION OF PARASTIE
  3. NATURE OF THEIR FOOD
  4. MOVEMENT OF PARASITE
  5. AGE OF THE HOST
  6. VIRULENCE OF PARASITE
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38
Q

Parasites harm their host in any of the following way.

A
  1. Absorbing parts of digestive nutrients, vitamins and minerals.
  2. Sucking blood and lymph
  3. Feeding on the tissues of the host
  4. Causing mechanical obstruction or pressure
  5. Causing growth of nodules and tumor
  6. Perforating blood vessels
  7. Causing wounds
  8. Destruction of Tissues
  9. Irritation and annoyance - interfere with feeding resulting in loss of weight/meat/milk yield.
  10. Secretion of toxic and other harmful substances
  11. Transmitter of the causal agent of some infectious diseases
  12. Reducing the resistance of the host to the other infection.
  13. Causing allergy
  14. Serving as intermediate host and cyclic transmitter of certain parasites
  15. Abortion, infertility, lowered productive/ reproductive performance
  16. Decrease feed conversion.
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39
Q

what are the 4 secreted toxin and other harmful substances by the parasite that causes harm to the host?

A
  1. ANTIDIGESTIVE ENZYMES
  2. ANTICOAGULANT AND HEMOLYTIC ENZYMES
  3. DIGESTIVE ENZYMES THAT IS HARMFUL TO HOST TISSUE
  4. OTHER SECRETION, EXCRESION AND BODY FLUIDS
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39
Q

Associated with one species of host or closely related host

A

HOST/ SPECIES SPECIFITY

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39
Q

An immunity that has the presence of natural antibodies.

A

NATURAL IMMUNITY

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39
Q

KINDS OF IMMUNITY

A
  1. Natural Immunity
  2. Acquired Immunity
  3. Age Resistance
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40
Q

Each parasite species has its prediction site on the host

A

ORGAN SPECIFICITY

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40
Q

This is a product of antibodies due to infection on or exposure/ pre-immunities.

A

ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

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40
Q

Acquired resistance due to increase development of acquired immunity.

A

AGE RESISTANCE

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40
Q

The older birds are more resistant than younger birds.

A

TRUE IMMUNITY

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40
Q

Factors that influences the resistance to parasites

A
  1. NUTRITION
  2. AGE OF THE HOST
  3. VITAMINS
  4. CONDITION OF THE HOST
41
Q

An immunity that depends upon the production of specific antibodies

A

SYSTEMIC IMMUNITY

41
Q

Classification of parasitic Immunity

A

-HUMORAL OR CELLULAR
-GENERAL OR LOCAL

41
Q

In this immunity the body fluid contains antibodies that destroys parasites, inhibit their development, or neutralize toxins.

A

HUMORAL IMMUNITY

41
Q

This type of immunity is comprise of phagocytosis by leukocytes, epsonins, tropins, and other immune bodies that stimulates phagocytosis.

A

CELLULAR IMMUNITY

42
Q

Is a phase of general immunity presents a barrier to the spread and development of the parasite.

A

LOCAL IMMUNITY

43
Q

A state of abnormally exaggerated response to the injection of or contact with an antigen which may be severe or fatal.

A

SUPERSENSITIVITY

44
Q

what are the manifestations of supersensitivity?

A

-ALLERGY
-ANAPHYLAXIS
-SERUM SICKENSS
-ATOPY
-CONTACT DERMATITIS

45
Q

What are some of the evidences of resistance or immunity of host to parasite?

A
  1. STUNTED OR INHIBITED DEVELOPMENT O PARASITE
  2. DECREASE EGG PRODUCTION IN THE PARASITE
  3. SLOW MULTIPLICATION OF THE PARASITE
  4. DECREASE NUMBER OF PARASITE REACHING MATURITY
  5. DECREASE MOTILITY OF THE PARASITE
  6. COMPLETE PROTECTION OF THE HOST
46
Q

This refers to the increase number of nematode eggs in the feces of an animals around parturition.

A

POST PARTURIENT RISE “PPR”
OR
PERIPARTURIENT RICE IN FECAL EGG COUNT

46
Q

What kind of hormone is involve, when PPR took place aside from the temporary relaxation?

A

LACTOGENIC HORMONE PROLACTIN

47
Q

Sources of PPR

A
  1. MATURATION OF ARRESTED LARVAE DUE TO HOST IMMUNITY.
  2. INCREASE ESTABLISHMENT OF INFECTION FROM THE PASTURE
    3.INCREASE FECUNDITY OF EXISTING ADULT WORM.
48
Q

Procedures in controlling parasite disease

A
  1. REDUCTION OF THE SOURCE OF INFECTION IN MAN AND ANIMALS
  2. EDUCATION TO PREVENT DISSEMINATION OF INFECTION
  3. SANITARY CONTROL OF FOOD, WATER, LIVING, AND WORKING CONDITIONS, WASTE DISPOSAL
  4. DESCTUCTION OF RESERVOIR HOST AND VECTORS
  5. ESTABLISHMENT OF BIOLOGICAL BARRIER TO THE TRANSMISSION OF PARASITES.
48
Q

The study of arthropods and allied insects.

A

ENTOMOLOGY

49
Q

Refers to a bilaterally symmetrical animal whose body is divided into segments which bear jointed appendages

A

ARTHROPODS

50
Q

What are the 4 groups of Phylum arthropoda which are of veterinary importance?

A
  1. PARASITIC INSECTS
  2. PARASITIC ARACHNIDS
  3. PENTASTOMIDA O TONGUE WORM
  4. PARASITIC CRUSTACEANS
50
Q

Largest group
Adult with 3 pairs of legs
Body divided into 3 main parts

A

PARASITIC INSECTS

50
Q

What are the three main parts of parasitic insects?

A

-HEAD
-ABDOMEN
-THORAX

51
Q

Its body parts are joined together
Adult with 4 pair of legs, 2 pairs of mouth parts without antennae and wings.

A

PARASITIC ARACHNIDS

52
Q

Adults are wormlike, cylindrical without legs except a 2 pairs of hook near the mouth.

A

PENTASTOMIDA OR TONGUE WORMS

53
Q

Its main body division are cephalothorax and abdomen. Legs are found on the thoracic and abdominal segments.

A

PARASITIC CRUSTECEANS

53
Q

Refers to the hallow tube in the wings

A

VIENS

54
Q

This refers to the surface layer of the body. More or less rigid exoskeleton.

A

INTEGUMENT OF BODY WALL

54
Q

A small animal whose body is divided into: Head, Thorax, and Abdomen.

A

INSECTS

54
Q

T

A
54
Q

3 segments of thorax

A

-PRO
-MESO
-METATHORAX

55
Q

A substance that is deposited in the body wall that makes it hardened.

A

CHITIN

55
Q

What are the insects mouth parts?

A
  1. MANDIBLE
  2. HAUSTELLATE
  3. PIERCING
  4. NON-PIERCING
55
Q

Pleurites or Pleuron refers to?

A

LATERAL SCLERITE

55
Q

Tergum or Notum refers to?

A

DORSAL SCLERITE/WALL

56
Q

They/this may act as an intermediate host, carriers or transport host.

A

VECTORS

57
Q

Sternum or Sternites refers to?

A

VENTRAL SCLERITE

58
Q

Animal does not exhibit outward clinical sign.

A

PARASITIASIS

58
Q

Animal does produce signs

A

PARASITOSIS

59
Q

Affects broad range of final host

A

EURYXENOUS PARASITE

60
Q

Affects narrow range of final host

A

STENOXENOUS PARASITE

61
Q

Harbor, sexual, mature or adult stage

A

FINAL, OR DEFINITICVE HOST

62
Q

Any associations between at least two living organisms of different species.

A

SYMBIOSIS “LIVING TOGETHER”

62
Q

Both organism in symbiont relationship benefit

A

MUTUALISM

63
Q

Harbors asexual, immature or larval stage

A

INTERMEDIATE HOST

63
Q

An extremely short term relationship in which one symbiont benefit at the expense of the other

A

PREDATOR-PREY

64
Q

Only one symbiont is benefitted although the other neither benefits nor is harm

A

COMMENSALISM

64
Q

Simple life cycle with complete or partial metamorphosis

A

DIRECT/INCOMPLETE/ HEMITABULOUS LIFE CYCLE

65
Q

Has 4 stages complete life cycle with complete metamorphosis

A

INDIRECT/COMPLETE/HOLOMETABULOUS LIFE CYCLE

65
Q

Imago refers to?

A

YOUNG ADULT

65
Q

Egg-Nymph-Adult is what type of life cycle?

A

DIRECT/INCOMPLETE/ HEMITUBULOUS LIFE CYCLE

65
Q

This refers to each form of insects after each ecdysis

A

INSTAR

66
Q

Egg-larva-pupa-adult is what type of life cycle?

A

INDIRECT/COMPLETE/HOLOMETABULOUS LIFE CYCLE

67
Q

Lays larva that immediately turns into pupa

A

PUPIPAROUS

67
Q

Lays un-develop eggs

A

OVIPAROUS

67
Q

Lays larvated eggs

A

OVIVIPAROUS

67
Q

lays egg

A

LARVIPAROUS

68
Q

Reproduce without fertilization

A

PARTHENOGENETIC

69
Q

Type of pupa with wings and legs are free from the body and can be seen externally.

A

EXARATE

69
Q

Type of larva that has no legs on the thorax and abdomen

A

APODOUS

69
Q

Type of larva that has head, 3 pairs of thoracic legs but no abdominal legs

A

OLIGOPODS

70
Q

Type of larva with heads, 3 segmented thorax and abdomen that has legs.

A

POLYPODS

71
Q

Type of pupa with wings and legs that are bound to the body by molting fluid but still can be seen externally

A

OBTECTATE

72
Q

Its last larval skin is retained; hardened skin is encloses pupa hence it can not be seen externally.

A

COARCTATE

73
Q

The fluid that is found in the hemocoele and is blood like

A

HEMOLYMPH

73
Q

The space where hemolymph resides or flow.

A

HEMOCOELE

73
Q

A respiratory organ found in spiders

A

LUNGBOOK

74
Q

A respiratory organ found in crabs

A

GILL BOOK

74
Q

Respiration organ that can be found in larva, nymph and adult aquatic animals

A

GILLS

74
Q

This is where food storage and enzyme secretions takes place

A

MIDGUT/ MESENTERON

74
Q

A small circular opening found in the exoskeleton of insects also called “STIGMATA” in arachnids.

A

SPIRACLE

74
Q

This is where food absorption and fecal expulsion takes place.

A

HINDGUT OR PROCTODEUM

74
Q

This is where ingestion, passage and food disintegration takes place

A

FOREGUT OR STOMADEUM

75
Q

This part is present in arachnids in the process of excretion

A

COXAL GLAND

75
Q

This part is present in mites and insects in the excretion process.

A

MALPHIGIAN TUBULE

75
Q

This part is present in crustaceans in the excretion process

A

NEPHRIDIA

76
Q

Feeding an growth stage in the life cycle of the arthropods

A

LARVA/MAGGOT/GRUB

76
Q

Segmentation stage in the life cycle of the arthropods

A

EGG

77
Q

Quiescent or non-feeding and immobile stage in the life cycle of the arthropods

A

PUPA

78
Q

Looks like the adult but not capable of reproduction in the life cycle of the arthropods

A

NYMPH

79
Q

The reproductive stage in the life cycle of the arthropods

A

ADULT

80
Q

the stage between molts

A

STADIA

80
Q

form the stadium

A

INSTAR

80
Q

Periodic shedding or molting of exoskeleton

A

ECDYSESS

81
Q

Organism is transmitted by the next developmental stage of ticks

A

TRANSTADIAL

82
Q

Chronological orders in Taxonomy

A

DOMAIN
KINGDOM
PHYLUM
CLASS
ORDER
FAMILY
GENUS
SPECIES

PARASITOLOGY (1 decks)

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