Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIEB 128 > Entomology > Flashcards

Entomology Flashcards

1
Q

‘Apterygota’

Class

A

Lacking wings in primitive condition; existed before evolution of wings

Two orders: Archaeognatha and Zygentoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Archaeognatha

Order

A

Bristletails and Rockhoppers

Monocondylous: mandible articulate in one place with the jaw (all other orders are dicondylous)

Low relative diversity (500)

Under ‘apterygota’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Zygentoma

Order

A

Silverfish

Apterygotes (non-winged) and dicondylous mandibles, articulating in two places with the jaw

Low relative diversity (560)

Under ‘apterygota’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

‘Paleoptera’

Class

A

Winged insects unable to fold wings back over the abdomen

Two orders: Ephemeroptera and Odonata

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Exopterygotes

Term

A

Wings develop on sheaths external to body cavity, and on dorsal surface; able to see visual evidence of wings during immature stages

All are hemimetabolous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Endopterygotes

Term

A

Wings develop inside body cavity; unable to see evidence of wings on youth

All are holometabolous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Hemimetabolous

Term

A

Body form changes gradually with each molt; no radical difference between instars

Young look somewhat similar to adults

Egg –> nymphal instars –> adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Holometabolous

Term

A

Undergo a complete metamorphosis; body form chages abruptly at pupal molt

Young look very different to the adults

Egg –> larval instars –> pupa –> adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ephemeroptera

Order

A

Mayflies

Subimago: the penultimate instar is winged
Immature stages (nymhs or naiads) are wingless and aquatic

Low relative diversity (3800)

Under ‘paleoptera’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Odonata

Order

A

Dragonflies and Damselflies

Males have secondary copulatory apparatus on ventral base of abdomen
Pairs form a tandem wheel while mating

Low relative diversity (6350)

Under ‘paleoptera’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Polyneoptera

Class

A

Under classification of neopterous, capable of folding wings back against the abdomen when at rest
Hemimetabolous, more distantly related to the holometabola

Six orders, see following cards

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mantodea

Order

A

Mantids

Raptorial forelegs; tibia and femur with interlocking spines/barbs

Low relative diversity (2500)

Under polyneoptera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blattodea (a)

Order

A

Roaches

First segment of throax is shield-like, extending over the head
Body is dorso-ventrally flattened; forewings leathery, hindwings fan-like

Low relative diversity (4600)

Under polyneoptera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blattodea (b)

Order

A

Termites

Gut contains endosymbiotic bacteria or protists that aid in the digestion of cellulose
Eusocial / social species

Low relative diversity (3000)

Under polyneoptera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Orthoptera

Order

A

Grasshoppers, Locusts, Crickets, Katydids

Enlarged hind legs - poweful jumpers; kick tibiae downward and backward to propel forward into leap or flight

Low(ish) relative diversity (24,000)

Under polyneoptera

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Dermaptera

Order

A

Earwigs

Heavily sclerotized (hardened) posterior forceps at the tip of the abdomen; used for defense and courtship
Most species rarely fly; secondarily wingless

Low relative diversity (2000)

Under polyneoptera

17
Q

Phasmatodea

Order

A

Walking sticks

Medium to large sized insects, often elongated and cylindrical bodies
Most species are secondarily wingless, especially the females

Low relative diversity (3600)

Under polyneoptera

18
Q

Embioptera

Order

A

Web spinners

Spin silk from swollen glands on basal segment of each fore tarsus (on the leg)
Small and elongated bodies; females secondarily wingless

Low relative diversity (450)

Under polyneoptera

19
Q

Paraneoptera

Class

also called Acercaria

A

Under classification of neopterous, capable of folding wings back against the abdomen when at rest
Hemimetabolous, more closely related to the holometabola
Derived mouthparts for sucking of fluids

Three orders: Psocodea (ab), Thysanoptera, Hemiptera

20
Q

Psocodea (a)

Order

A

Chewing and sucking lice (parasitic)

Dorsoventrally flattened, apteryous (wingless) ectoparasites
Host specificity is high; no free living stage, eggs laid directly on host

Low relative diversity (5100)

Under paraneoptera

21
Q

Psocodea (b)

Order

A

Bark lice and Book lice (non-parasitic)

Asymmetrical chewing mandibles; minute and cryptic insects
Commonly secondarily wingless, though some have wings held tent-like over the body

Low relative diversity (6000)

Under paraneoptera

22
Q

Thysanoptera

Order

A

Thrips

Three-part needle-like mouthparts; paired maxillary stylets and left portion of the mandible
Mouth is asymmetrical; mouthparts allow them to pierce and suck fungi and plants

Low relative diversity (6300)

Under paraneoptera

23
Q

Hemiptera

Order

A

True bugs

Rostrum (or proboscis): mandibles and maxillae form a needle-like stylet, and grooved, beak-like labium supports stylet
Rostrum used to pierce and suck fluids from plants and animals
True bugs include: cicadas, leafhoppers, scales, aphids, mealybugs, spittlebugs. bed bugs

High relative diversity (107,000)

Under paraneoptera

24
Q

Endopterygota

Class

A

Contains the most diversity of all insect groups
Wings are developed within the body cavity, and are only seen after a complete metamorphosis
Holometabolous, with young looking dissimilar to the adults

Nine orders: see following cards

25
Q

Neuroptera

Order

A

Lacewings, Antlions, Owlflies

Two pairs of equally sized, intricately veined wings (all 4 wings the same)
Most are predators of insects; larvae with biting, chewing, or piercing mouthparts

Low relative diversity (4700)

Under endopterygota

26
Q

Raphidioptera

Order

A

Snakeflies

Two pairs of equally sized, intricately veined wings AND elongated prothorax (kinda looks like a long neck)
Long ovipositor sticking out from posterior (looks like a tail)

Low relative diversity (260)

Under endopterygota

27
Q

Coleoptera

Order

A

Beetles

Adults have elytra: sclerotized and rigid forewings that cover the pleated hindwings and abdomen
Adult mouthparts mandibulate; occupy every habitat but few are parasites

High relative diversity (400,000)

Under endopterygota

28
Q

Diptera

Order

A

Flies

Adults have halteres; hind wings are modified into club-like knobs that are sensory and stabilize flight
Large compound eyes, mouthparts adapted for consuming fluids

High relative diversity (160,000)

Under endopterygota

29
Q

Siphonaptera

Order

A

Fleas

Laterally compressed, apteryous (wingless) ectoparasites; jumpers
Has a lower host specificity; life cycle not carried out entirely on host itself

Low relative diversity (2100)

Under endopterygota

30
Q

Trichoptera

Order

A

Caddisflies

Adults are mothlike; wings covered with setae (hair-like cuticular extensions)
Many larvae build and inhabit tube casings, sometimes decorated in bark, stone, sand

Low(ish) relative diversity (14,500)

Under endopterygota

31
Q

Lepidoptera

Order

A

Butterflies and Moths

Wings covered with scales (modified setae); responsible for wing color and pattern
Distinctive coiled probosics, allows adults to suck liquids (often plant nectar)

High relative diversity (182,500)

Under endopterygota

32
Q

Hymenoptera

Order

A

Sawflies, Wasps, Ants, and Bees

Eusociality, coming from multiple origins; many build nests and live in colonies
Important developments: Apocrita (wasp waist) and Aculeata (stinger)
Most adults with chewing mouthparts; many are predators and parasites / parasitoids

High relative diversity (153,000)

Under endopterygota

33
Q

Strepsiptera

Order

A

Twisted wing parasites

Males with one pair of hindwings, and club-like forewings on mesothorax; females don’t have wings
HIghly modified, sexually-dimorphic endoparasitoids of hemiptera and hymenoptera

Low relative diversity (600)

Under endopterygota

BIEB 128 (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions