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Taphonomy, Trauma and Skeletal Biomechanics > Entomology > Flashcards

Entomology Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 2 disciplines of entomology.

A
  1. Forensic entomology
  2. Funerary archeoentomology
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2
Q

Who demonstrated that maggots came from eggs and not through spontaneous generation?

A

Francesco Redi

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3
Q

What are the 3 fields of entomology?

A
  1. Urban
  2. Stored-Product
  3. Medico-Legal
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4
Q

What can use of insects give insight into in a forensic investigation?

A
  1. PMI estimation
  2. Body transfer
  3. Cadaver presence
  4. DNA
  5. Drug or poison presence
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5
Q

What is the classification system e.g. kingdom…?

A
  1. Kingdom
  2. Phylum
  3. Class
  4. Order
  5. Family
  6. Tribe
  7. Genus
  8. Species
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6
Q

Who is known as the father of taxonomy?

A

Carl Linneaus

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7
Q

Define taxonomy.

A

Biological classification OR rank-based scientific classification

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8
Q

Define taxon.

A

A group of organisms assigned to a specific category

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9
Q

What is the phylum that insects belong to?

A

Anthropoda

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10
Q

Define anthropod.

A

Invertebrate animal with exoskeleton, segmented body and paired jointed appendages

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11
Q

Name an example of an anthropod, other than insects.

A
  1. Arachnids
  2. Myriapods
  3. Crustaceans
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12
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of the Insecta class?

A
  1. Pterygota
  2. Apterygota
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13
Q

What are the 2 groups in the Pterygota subclass?

A

Exopterygota and endopterygota

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14
Q

Describe exopterygota insects.

A
  1. External wing development
  2. Egg - Nymph - Adult
  3. 16 orders
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15
Q

Describe endopterygota insects.

A
  1. Internal wing development
  2. Egg - Larva - Pupa - Adult
  3. 9 orders
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16
Q

What are the 2 groups of the subclass apterygota?

A
  1. Archaeognatha
  2. Zygentoma
17
Q

Describe archaeognatha and zyngentoma insects.

A

Primitive, wingless insects

18
Q

What is the first laying of eggs meant to coincide with?

A

The point of death

19
Q

What is an example of post-mortem artefacts caused by insects?

A

Insect feeding marks have been observed to be of similar size, shape and colour to ante-mortem cigarette burns

20
Q

Approximately how far will insects travel for remains?

A

About 7 km

21
Q

What factors affect cadaver succession?

A
  1. Weather
  2. Climate
  3. Ground condition
  4. Time
22
Q

True or False: Youngest colonising species is used as a marker of initial colonisation.

A

False, oldest colonising species is used for this

23
Q

What are the 4 types of invertebrates in cadaver succession?

A
  1. Necrophages
  2. Omnivores
  3. Predators/Parasites
  4. Incidentals
24
Q

What are the times associated with the blow fly (Calliphoridae) life cycle?

A
  1. Egg = soon after death (less than 8 hours)
  2. Instar 1 = within 23 hours
  3. Instar 2 = after 2.5 days
  4. Instar 3 = after 4-5 days
  5. Pupa = after 18-24 days
  6. Adult = after 21-24 days
25
Q

Define poikilothermic.

A

Internal temperature varies intensely so it is regulated by environment

26
Q

What are the 4 factors that impact the species observed on remains?

A
  1. Social interaction
  2. Food availability
  3. Seasonality
  4. Environmental preferences
27
Q

What is required to know about colonising insects to estimate PMI?

A
  • Species
  • Developmental stage
  • Standard development times
  • Temperature history
28
Q

Define base/effective temperature.

A

Temperature below which growth and development won’t happen

29
Q

Define degree days.

A

Thermal units representing proportion of environmental energy used by insects

30
Q

Define accumulated degree days.

A

A given amount of thermal energy required to develop from one stage to the next

31
Q

How does maggot mass influence decomposition?

A

Increases temperature and attracts other insects (which can slow or increase decomposition rate)

32
Q

How does cocaine and heroin affect larval development?

A

Increases development

33
Q

How is thermal history estimated?

A
  • Weather station data
  • Scene data
  • Body temperature
34
Q

What factors need to be considered when estimating thermal history?

A
  1. Sun effect
  2. Site & station discrepancies
  3. Clothing/environmental thermal properties
  4. Maggot mass
35
Q

When would you expect denaturing of insects?

A

At very high temperatures above their developmental maximum threshold

36
Q

Define developmental threshold temperature.

A

Optimum temperature, outside which development stops

Taphonomy, Trauma and Skeletal Biomechanics (4 decks)

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