ENTO 35-45 Flashcards
Lice or kuto
Order PHTHIRAPTERA
Lice are classified into two suborders:
- Anoplura – sucking lice
- Mallophaga – biting lice
Lice with head elongate and narrower than the thorax, parasites of mammals only, usually host specific, and blood suckers with piercing stylets
Anoplura
This lice family has no eyes, temporal angles present, legs almost equal in size, paratergal plates present, has one row of hairs on each abdominal segment
Family Haematopinidae
Haematopinidae of swine
Haematopinus suis
Haematopinidae of horse
Haematopinus asini
Haematopinidae of caranao and buffaloes
Haematopinus tuberculatus
Haematopinidae of Luzon brown deer
Haematopinus nigricantis
This lice family has no paratergal plates, smaller and more slender than Haematopinus, temporal angles present, legs unequal, the first pair being the smallest
Family Linognathidae
Haematopinidae of cattle
Haematopinus quadriperstus & Haematopinus eurysternus
Linognathidae of cattle
Solenopotes capillatus
Linognathidae of cattle (long-nosed cattle louse)
Linognathus vituli
Linognathidae of goats
Linognathus africanus & Linognathus stenopsis
Linognathidae of sheeps
Linognathus pedlis & Linognathus ovillus
Linognathidae of dogs
Linognathilus setosus
this family has eyes present, legs almost equal, paratergal plates present
Family Pediculidae
human head louse
Pediculus humanus capitis
human body louse
Pediculus corporis
body louse of macaque
Pedicinus eurygaster
body louse of monkey, baboons
Pedicinus obtusus
crab louse or pubic louse of man and may occur in the pubic region, may also occur in the armpit, eyelashes, eyebrows, beard, mustache
Phthirus pubis
body louse of gorilla
Phthirus gorillae
family with paratergal plates project apically from the body. Tergal and sterna plates usually distinct
Family Hoplopleuridae
hoplopleuridae of mouse
Polyplax serrata
Hoplopleuridae of rat
Polyplax pacifica
this family has body densely clothed with thick setae, sometimes modified into scales, sterna plates absent
Family Echinophthiriidae
Echinophthiriidae of sea lions
Antarctophthirus microchir
may transmit swine fever virus (hog cholera)
Haematopinus suis
cause of epidemic relapsing fever
Borrela recurrentis
cause of typhus fever
Rickettsia prowazekii
cause of tularemia
Pasteurella tularensis
Head broader than the thorax
Mouthparts adopted for biting or chewing
Mandibles present. Feed on epithelial debris, feather of birds, dried blood from small wounds, dried and tissue fluids.
Parasites of mammals and birds. Those parasitic on mammals have 1 claw while those on birds have 2 claws
Mallophaga (chewing lice)
type of chewing lice with antennae filiform and visible at the sides of the head. No maxillary palpi. 2 claws per leg in species occurring both in mammals and birds
Ischnocera
Ischnocera of mammals
Bovicola, Damalinia, Trichodectes, Felicola
Ischnocera of birds
Anaticola, Columbicola, Chelopistes, Cuclotogaster, Goniodes, Goniocotes, Lipeurus
type of chewing lice with antennae lie in groove in the sides of the head and are not readily seen.
Amblycera
Mammals (one claw per leg)
Gyropus, Gliricola, Heterodoxus, Trimenopon
Birds (two claws per leg)
Menacanthus, Menopon, Holomenopon
Luzon brown deer
Damalinia cordillerai
Phlippine mouse deer
Dalamania balabacensis
Family Trichodectidae example
Bovicola bovis (edit depending on specie)
serve as intermediate host of Dipylidium caninum, a common dog of tapeworm.
Trichodectes canis and Heterodoxus spp
lice are laboratory vectors of
pox virus, anaplasma, tularemia, ringworm
is regarded as the most injurious of the poultry lice. It punctures the soft quills near the base and blood that oozes out is consumed. It is thought to be a blood-sucking louse.
Menacanthus stramineus
may carry “equine encephalitis virus
Menacanthus stramineus
Menacanthus stramineus may carry
equine encephalitis virus
may transmit ornithosis virus
Menopon gallinae
Menopon gallinae may transmit
ornithosis virus
this is most practical control method with big flock of birds.
Spraying/Dusting method
Class includes the king crab, spiders, scorpions, ticks and mites
Class Arachnida
bears the first and second pairs of legs
Propodosoma
bears the mouthparts and the plate that bears it, the capitulum or gnathobases.
Gnasthosoma
are wingless, no distinct body regions. Head, thorax, and abdomen are not defined. They feed on tissue fluids by means of sucking pharynx.
Arachnids
Four main body parts of arachnids
Gnasthosoma
Propodosoma
Metapodosoma
Opisthosoma
bears the third and fourth parts of legs
Metapodosoma
posterior part behind the fourth pair of legs, the abdomen
OR
Opisthosoma
Prosoma and opisthosoma
idiosoma
The mouthparts of arachnids are composed of the following
Chelicerae
Hypostome
Pedipalps or palpi
Three orders of arachnids of veterinary importance
Acarina – ticks and mites
Araneida – spiders
Scorpionidea - Scorpions
Four Sub-orders of Veterinary Importance under Order Acarina:
Ixodidae – ticks
Mesostigmata – mites
Trombidiformes – mites
Sarcoptiformes – mites
This sub-order is divided into 2 big groups depending on the absence or presence of a dorsal shield, the scrutum.
IXODIDAE
(Soft ticks) – without scrutum
Family Argasidae
(Hard Ticks) – with scrutum
Family Ixodidae
Under family Argasidae, this genus has body distinctly flattened. Integument leathery, no dorsal shield
Genus Argas
(fowl tick) – chickens, turkeys, pigeons, ducks, ostriches, canaries, etc
Argas persicus
(pigeon tick) – pigeon, doves
Argas reflexus
caused by Borella anserine
Avian Spirochaetosis
caused by Aegyptianella pullorum
Avian Piroplasmosis or Aegyptianellosis
what causes Avian Piroplasmosis or Aegyptianellosis
Aegyptianella pullorum
what causes Avian Spirochaetosis
Borella anserine
“spinose ear tick” It occurs in America and Africa. Larvae and nymphs occur in the ear of dogs, cattle, horses, and all other mammals.
Otobius megnini
Ornithodoros that attacks wild and domestic mammals
Ornithodoros moubata
Ornithodoros that occurs on the livestock in Africa and India
Ornithodoros savignyi
Ornithodoros that occurs in the U.S.
Ornithodoros turicata
Transmits: Borrelia recurrentis, the cause of relapsing fever in man
Genus Ornithodoros
the cause of relapsing fever in man, transmitted by genus ornithodoros
Borrelia recurrentis
larva attaches to a host, molt into nymph and finally adult stage on the same animal, e.g. Boophilus microplus, Boophilus annulatus
One-host tick
larva attaches to a host molts into nymph on the host body, nymph drops to the ground after having engorged, molts into the ground to adult (imago) which seeks a new host (one molting on the ground, one molting on the host) e.g. Rhipicephalus evertsi, R. bursa
Two-host tick
they drop off each time after having engorged and molt on the ground (all moltings occurs on the ground or off the host), (different host or the same host is required every instar), e.g. Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, R. sanguineus
Three-host ticks
“castor bean tick”. Common in Europe and Australia; host includes wild and domestic mammals; the principal species associated with “tick paralysis” in cattle three-host tick; transmits “red water diseases” or babesiosis of cattled (caused by Babesia bovis, B. divergens) and Anaplasmosis (caused by Anaplasma marginale), viruses of louping ill and rickettsiae “tick borne fever” of sheep.
Ixodes ricinus
Diseases associated with Ixodes ricinus
“tick paralysis”
“red water diseases” or babesiosis of cattled (caused by Babesia bovis, B. divergens)
Anaplasmosis (caused by Anaplasma marginale), viruses of louping ill
rickettsiae “tick borne fever” of sheep.
“paralysis tick” of cattle in Australia
Ixodes holocylus
“paralysis tick” of S. Africa
Ixodes rubicundus
“black legged tick” of livestock, dogs, cats
Ixodes scapularis
“North America cattle tick” or texas fever cattle tick; one host tick; important transmitter of Babesia bigemina and Babesia argentina (B. bovis) in U.S. and Australia.
Boophilus annulatus
“blue tick”, one-host tick, transmits Babesia bigemina, Anaplasma marginale, Borrelia theileri (spirochaetosis of ruminants)
Boophilus decoloratus
“tropical cattle tick”. One-host tick. Most common cattle tick in the Philippines. Attacks cattle, carabaos, buffaloes, sheep, goats including horse and deer; transmits Anaplasma marginale, Babesia bigemina, B. argentina (B. bovis)
Boophilus microplus (B. australis)
“brown ear tick” of Africa. Affects wild and domestic mammals; three-host ticks; Transmits:
Theileria parva (theileriosis or east coast fever)
T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis (hepatozoonosis)
Babesia bigemina (Piroplasmosis)
Rickettsia conorii (tick-bite fever)
Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
4 diseases transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus
Theileria parva (theileriosis or east coast fever)
T. mutans, Hepatozoon canis (hepatozoonosis)
Babesia bigemina (Piroplasmosis)
Rickettsia conorii (tick-bite fever)
“red-legged tick” of Africa. It affects livestock. Two-host tick; transmits Theileria mutans, T. parva, Babesia bigemina, B. equi
Rhipicephalus evertsi
on domestic animals. Two-host tick. It transmits Babesia ovis, B. equi, B. caballi, Theileria ovis, Anaplasma marginale, Coxiella burnetii
Rhipicephalus bursa
American dog tick. Three-host tick.
Dermacentor variabilis
“brown dog tick”, “kernel tick”. Cosmopolitan and common in the Philippines. Affects dogs, horses and other mammals. Three-host tick; transmits Babesia canis, B. equi, B. caballi, Hepatozoon canis, Rickettsia canis, R. conori, R. rickettsii (rocky mountain spotted fever), and Ehrlichia canis.
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
also known as “Rocky mountain wood tick”. Three-host tick and transmits Leptospira Pomona (Leptospirosis), Rickettsia rickettsii (Rocky mountain fever), Anaplasma marginale (anaplasmosis), Babesia canis (canine babesiosis), Coxiella burnetii (Q fever). It is the cause of American tick paralysis.
Dermacentor andersoni ( D. venustus)
Ornate cow tick. Three-host tick.
Dermacentor reticulatus
Tropical horse tick. One-host tick, vector of equine piroplasmosis
Dermacentor nitens
causes “sweating sickness” in cattle
Hyalomma truncatum
on rabbits; transmits Coxiella burnetii, Rocky mountain spotted fever and tularensis.
Haemaphysalis leporispalustris
“yellow dog tick”; occurs in Africa, Asia, Australia affecting carnivores and other animals; transmits B. canis, Rickettsia conorii, Coxiella burnetii
Haemaphysalis leachi leachi
also called the “lone star tick”. Characterized by the presence of white spot on the scutum of the female; occurs in livestock and other mammals; transmits Rickettsia ruminantium, the cause of “heart water disease”, Nairobi sheep disease and Q fever.
Amblyomma americanum
“cayenne tick”; transmits spotted fever and leptospirosis
Amblyomma cajennense
on livestock; transmits Babesia bigemina, B. motasi, A. marginale, and cause of paralysis in cattle and sheep.
Haemaphysalis cinnabarina punctata
“tropical bont tick”, may lay 20,000 eggs
Amblyomma variegatum
Genus which members are exclusively of reptiles (phytons, snakes, lizard, etc)
Genus Aponomma
“argentine tick”. Hosts are horses and cattle. One-host tick
Margaropus winthemi
Sudanese tick, “beady-legged tick”, host – giraffe. One-host tick
Margaropus reidi
