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Medical Microbiology I > Enterobacteria Part 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Enterobacteria Part 1 and 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Most enterobacteria are

A

Are part of the body’s microflora

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2
Q

Salmonella and Shigella are…

A

Are not part of the normal microflora and they are always pathogenic

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3
Q

Non motile, is non lactose fermenting and does not produce H2S causes bloody diarrhea

A

Shigella

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4
Q

How does Shigella causes bloody diarrhea and uremic hemolytic syndrome and colitis?

A

Consists of a Shiga toxin which causes - of ribsome by removal of an amine, therefore this change results into endothelial damage

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5
Q

Motile, H2S production and non lactose fermenter, causes typhoid fever ?

A

Salmonella

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6
Q

Most enterobacteria are catalase + but….. except for….

A

oxidase -, Plesiomonas

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7
Q

Kleibsella consists of.. therefore can easily be stained using….?

A

A capsule, india ink

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8
Q

What is the concept of the india ink?

A

The india ink allows for the use of H2O in order to maintain hydration and prevent drying out

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9
Q

How would on test for Hyperviscosity?

A

Ability for the microbe to stretch > than 5 mm

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10
Q

Lactose fermenter but non motile and what is the reason for the non motility?

A

Kliebsella, because it is hyperviscous/ consists of a lot of mucoid content

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11
Q

Lactose fermenter and motile

A

E.coli

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12
Q

E.coli consists of beta- gluronidase enzyme, what is the function of the enzyme?

A

It catalyses the breakdown of large carbohydrates and allows for flourescence

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13
Q

The lipopolysaccharide layer consists of

A

O- antigen
Lipid A protein
Core polysaccharide

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14
Q

What are the antigenic structures that enterobacteria have?

A
  • Heat labile K antigen
  • Heat stable O antigen
  • H antigen
  • O antigen
  • K antigen
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15
Q

Which O antigen is mostly pathogenic ?

A

O157 antigen also known as the Shiga like toxin

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16
Q

Which K antigens of E.coil causes disease and what disease are they associated with ?

A

K1- Neonatal meningitis

K- found in GI tract and Urinary Tract

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17
Q

Which K antigens of Kliebsella cause disease and what diseases are they associated with?

A

K1 & 2- Pulmonary diseases

K8, 9, 10,& 24 - Urinary Tract Infections

18
Q

Where is the H antigen found?

A

Flagella

19
Q

What is unique about the H antigen ?

A

Phase variation

20
Q

What are colicins and pesticins?

A

These are bactericidal proteins.
Colicins for E.coli
Pesticins for Yersina pestis

21
Q

What is the function of Bactericidal proteins?

A

They cause the formation of pores on the host cell therefore causing leakage of substances such as electrolytes, water. And these substances are used for production of energy therefore this results in cell death

22
Q

Lipopolysaccharide is associated with what symptoms?

A
  • Fever
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
  • Organ failure
  • Hypotension
23
Q

What are type III secretory systems?

A

They are known as injectasomes. They cause deliverance of toxins into the host cell

24
Q

Which type of E.coli is not associated with diarrhea?

A

Uropathogenic E.coli

25
Q

Virulence factors of uropathogenic E.coli are…

A

Fimbrae- allow for adhesion to the surface of the host cell

- Sidephores and hemolysin: allow for invasion of the cell and attachment of iron

26
Q

What are the complications associated with uropathogenic E.coli?

A

Renal failure and pylenephritis

Flank pain and dysuria

27
Q

What types of E.coli are associated with bloody diarrhea?

A
  • Enterohemorrhagic E.coli

- Enteroinvasive E.coli

28
Q

What are the antigenic structures that are asssociated with Ent-hemo and Ent-invas?

A

Enterohemorrhagic: Shiga like toxin which causes removal of an amine from the rRNA, disrupting translation

Enteroinvasive: Consists of M-cells that evade phagocytosis , they consists of Ipas protein which allows for invasion of the host cell and they have the ability to use the actin of the host cell to form false tail to allow for motilty

29
Q

Which species cause bloody diarrhea?

A

E.coli- hemo and invas
Shigella
Salmonella
Campylobacter

30
Q

What types of E.coli causes watery diarrhaea?

A
  • Enterotoxigenic
  • Enteroaggregative
  • Enteropathogenic
31
Q

What are the antigenic structures and their functions of the watery type E.coli?

A

Enterotoxigenic: Traveller diarrhae
- Heat stable antigen: uses GTP and then adenyl cyclase converts to cGMP which causes efflux of electrolytes and H2O
- Heat labile antigen:
uses ATP, which is converted to cAMP by adenyl cyclase thus causing efflux of electrolytes
- AB subunit antigen for entry into host cell
- Colonization factor that allows for attachment

Enteroaggregative:

  • mostly common in immunocompromised patients
  • Mucous production for colonization of bacteria
  • Fimbrae for adhesion

Enteropathogenic:

  • Pilli for adhesion
  • Type III secretory system: injectsomes inject ESPS into enterocytes and causes shortening of the villi
32
Q

What species are associated with watery diarrhae?

A
  • E.coli

- Vibrio cholera

33
Q

What are the risk population that are likely to infection by K.pneumonaie?

A
  • Ventilator users
  • Alcoholics
  • Diabetics
  • Immunocompromised
34
Q

Thick polysacharide prevents…

Lipopolysaccharide prevents…

A
  • Phagocytosis

- Formation of the Membrane Attack Complex( MAC) formed by the complement system

35
Q

What infections is K.pneumoniae mostly associated with?

A

Nosocomial infections due to the fact that pathogen is exposed to a variety of devices such as cathers and drugs

36
Q

What are the common nosocomial infections associated with Kleibsella pneumoniae?

A
  • Pneumonia
  • UTI
  • Bacteremia
37
Q

Why is it hard to treat an infection caused by Kliebsella?

A

Because the micro-organism is multi-drug resistant

38
Q

Kliebsella has the ability to form urease as a results causes painful urination or statis, why is that?

A

Urease causes calcification of magnesium therefore forming stones that cause blockage

39
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat infections caused by Kliebsella?

A

Phosphomycin and Tigecycline

40
Q

What are the other types of Kliebsella ?

A

K. pneumonia azaenae

K.pneumonaie rhinoscleromatis

41
Q

Features associated with K. azaenae ( nae: wasting) and rhinoscleromatis ( rhino: other growth of nose) ?

A

Azaenae: Wasting of the bony structure of the nose

Rhinoscleromatis: destruction around the nose and formation of a granuloma of the nose

42
Q

Enterobacteria are ampicillin resistance, why is that?

A

Due to beta lactamase enzyme which causes deactivation of beta lactam in antibiotics

Medical Microbiology I (6 decks)

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