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Micro U6 > Enteric Viruses > Flashcards

Enteric Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 human-infecting Reoviruses?

A

Orthoreoviruses–cause mild GI symptoms

Rotaviruses–Significant gastroenteritis

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2
Q

What do reoviruses have that allows for reassortment of the genome?

A

Segmented genome

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3
Q

When do most of the rotavirus infections occur?

A

During the winter months

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4
Q

What is impaired by the rotavirus that causes excessive fluid loss and complications of dehydration?

A

Small intestinal villi

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5
Q

The rotavirus has _____ that causes profuse watery diarrhea.

A

Nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4)–acts like an enterotoxin

–Interfers with sodium transport pumps and causes profuse watery diarrhea

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6
Q

What is the tx for rotavirus?

A

Oral rehydration

IV fluids if required

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7
Q

What are the 2 vaccines for rotavirus?

A

RotaTeq and Rotarix–approved for and may help reduce severity of disease

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8
Q

What is the prototypical strain in within the norovirus genus that causes disease?

A

Norwalk

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9
Q

How does Norovirus differ from Rotavirus?

A

It affects the microvilli of the small intestine just like rotavirus, BUT also delays gastric emptying which causes vomiting

Less dehydration and fewer complications than rota

Nausea is common with norovirus

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10
Q

What are the 2 major classes of Picornaviruses?

A

Rhinoviruses

Enteroviruses

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11
Q

What are the 4 classes of enteroviruses?

A

HepA
Polioviruses
Coxsakieviruses–A and B
Echoviruses

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12
Q

Enteroviruses display dual tropism–what does this mean?

A

Immune response to viremia clears virus, full recovery with lifelong immunity to reinfection

OR

During viremia–virus invades CNS

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13
Q

What does Coxsackie A cause?

A

Herpangina
Hand-foot-mouth dz
Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

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14
Q

What does Coxsackie B cause?

A

Myocarditis and pleurodynia

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15
Q

What are the 2 vaccine types for Poliovirus?

A

Inactivated

Attenuated–virus is weak–used in eradication efforts

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16
Q

What receptor does poliovirus use to enter the cell?

A

CD155 receptor–enters and infect epithelial/lymphoid cells in the gut lining then spreads to bloodstream and regional lymph nodes

17
Q

What is the big problem with poliovirus?

A

CD155 receptors are also found on gray matter CNS cells–allowing the virus to enter the CNS by crossing the BBB or by axonal transportation from peripheral nerve (retrograde)

18
Q

What portions of the CNS does the poliovirus infect?

A

ANTERIOR HORN MOTOR NEURONS!!! and the brain stem–respiratory centers

19
Q

What is seen on LP of pt with poliovirus?

A

Pressure
Protein
Pleocytosis
Virus culture

20
Q

What can be seen on MRI of a pt with poliovirus?

A

Localization of inflammation to the spinal cord anterior horns

21
Q

What is found on exam of a pt with Herpangina caused by Coxsackie A?

A

Small vesicular or ulcerative lesions on posterior oropharyngeal structures

22
Q

When does Herpangina usually occur?

A

During the summer months

23
Q

What are the other 2 causes of herpangina besides Coxsackie A?

A

Coxsackie B and other enteroviruses (enterovirus 71)

24
Q

What cause rarely occur from Hand-foot-mouth disease caused by coxsackie A?

A

Aspetic meningitis or myocarditis, interstitial pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema

25
Q

Rapid-onset painful conjunctivitis caused by coxsackie A virus?

A

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

26
Q

Who are at highest risk of developing viral myocarditis caused by Coxsackie B?

A

Infants and pregnant/immunocompromised pts

27
Q

What will be seen on CBC of pt with viral myocarditis caused by Coxsackie B?

A

Acute anemia

Lymphocytosis or neutropenia—supporting dx of viral infection

28
Q

What is found on histology of a pt with myocarditis caused by Coxsackie B?

A

Focal or diffuse interstitial infiltrate of mononuclear cells, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and eosinophils

Necrosis and disarrangement of myocytes

In chronic and healing stages–myocytes are replaced by fibroblasts

29
Q

What are the signs and symptoms seen with Pleurodynia caused by Coxsackie B?

A

Sudden occurrence of lancinating chest pain attacks
Fever
Malaise
HA

Pleural friction rub

30
Q

What is targeted by Coxsackie B viruses that causes pleurodynia?

A

Infection of the striated muscle in the chest –responsible for attacks of severe CP

31
Q

Viral pleurodynia has been suggested as a trigger for immune-mediated sequale, which are?

A

Myocarditis
Dermato-polymyositis
Chronic fatigue syndrome
Juvenile onset DM type 1

32
Q

What are potential complications seen from Coxsackie B virus infection in infants?

A

Fulminant hepatic failure
Sepsis syndrome
Meningoencephalitis

33
Q

What is the usually outcome of viral meningitis?

A

Usually self-limited–complete recovery in 7-10days

MUST RO bacterial or fungal meningitis

34
Q

What viruses can cause septic shock in infants?

A

Enteroviruses and HSV

Micro U6 (6 decks)

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