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U6 micro > Enteric virus > Flashcards

Enteric virus Flashcards

1
Q

Reovirus virology

  • transmission
  • human infecting reovirus
A

Double protein capsid w/ segmented ds-RNA genome

  • fecal oral
  • rotavirus, orthoreovirus
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2
Q

Rotavirus pathogenesis

-target

A

infection is self-limited but there is a risk of dehydration
- sm. intestine villi

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3
Q

Rotavirus presentation

A

winter months, children < 5 yrs

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4
Q

Rotavirus virulence factor

A

nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4): enterotoxin interfering w/ sodium transport pumps

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5
Q

Dx rota on exam

A
  • hx of exposure to other children w/ diarrhea
  • NVD
  • dehydration,: waterly, bloodless diarrhea w/ decreased urine output
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6
Q

Is there a vaccination for rota>

A

yes but they are not required

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7
Q

Norovirus virology

  • which virus is the prototypical strain
  • transmission
A

positive-sense ss-RNA virus in Caliciviridae

  • norwalk virus
  • fecal-oral (highly contagious so you can pick it up anywhere)
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8
Q

What makes norwalk virus so contagious

A

only 100 particles need to establish infection, viral shedding occurs for weeks even after recovery, very environmentally rigid (can survive freezing and boiling), and infect can recur

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9
Q

What is the main different between a rotavirus and norovirus infection

A

rotavirus takes a few days, norovirus strikes quickly and lasts only 1-2 days; also nausea is more common w/ norovirus because it slows gastric emptying

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10
Q

What are the common sources of infectious outbreaks

A

cruise ships, summer camps, nursing homes

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11
Q

Picornavirus subtypes (2)

A

Rhinovirus and enteroviruses

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12
Q

picornavirus enterovirus categories (4)

A

HepA, pilioviruses, coxsackievirus, other

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13
Q

enterovirus virology

A

small naked, icosahedral virions, ssRNA, positive sense

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14
Q

enterovirus dual tropism

A

usually replicate in the gut but sometimes in the CNS

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15
Q

enterovirus: Poliovirus

A

polio

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16
Q

enterovirus: coxsackie A

A

herpangina, hand-foot-mouth disease, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

17
Q

enterovirus: coxsackie B

A

myocarditis, pleurodynia

18
Q

enterovirus: echoviruses

A

meningitis, pediatric febrile illness

19
Q

Poliovirus pathogenesis

A

fecal-oral transmission, uses CD155 receptor to enter and infect the gut, spread to blood and lymphnodes

20
Q

Hows does polio hit the CNS

A

CD155 found on gray matter CNS cells, crosses BBB or via axonal transport from peripheral nerve

21
Q

where specifically does the polio virus infect in the CNS

A

anterior horn of motor neurons in the spinal cord

22
Q

Presentation of acute paralytic poliomyelitis

A

flaccid asymmetric weakness and muscle atrophy due to loss of motor neurons and denervation of their associated skeletal muscles

23
Q

Risk factors for paralytic poliomyelitis

A

young, old, recent hard exercise, tonsillectomy, pregnancy, immunosuppression

24
Q

Early presentation of paralytic poliomyelitis

A

severe muslce pain, spasms, weakness (lower limbs more effected than upper)

25
Q

Dx polio

A

lumbar puncture, culture, MRI (anterior horns)

26
Q

what is Herpangina? when is it most likely to occur

A

acute febrile illness, small vesicular/ulcerative lesions in the back of the throat and roof of mouth; in the summer in children and young adults

27
Q

hand-foot-and-mouth disease

  • complications?
  • most likely causitive agents
A

spread by fecal oral route w/ skin lesions and oral secretions; symptoms follow viremia/viral invasion of mucus membrane

  • rarely aseptic meningitis or myocarditis; pneumonitis, pulmonary edema
  • coxs A, enterovirus 71
28
Q

HFMD pathogenesis

-group at risk

A

1wk incubation then sore mouth, throat, fever > vesicular eruption in mouth, hands, feet, buttocks, genitalia
-children under 10

29
Q

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis

- causative agents

A

rapid-onset painful conjunctivitis

- coxs A24 and enterovirus E70

30
Q

Viral myocarditis pathogenesis

  • most common causative agents
  • who is at highest risk
A

inflammatory disorder of the myocardium, necrosis of myocytes, infiltrate

  • adenovirus, enterovirus
  • infants and pregnant women/ immunocompromised pts
31
Q

In which coxsackie infection presentation do you need to do lab work

A

myocarditis (CBC, cultures, markers of myocardial damage) and pleurodynia

32
Q

Pleurodynea

A

sudden occurrence of lancinating chest pain attacks, fever, headache, malaise (pleural friction rub)

33
Q

pleurodynea pathogenesis

A

striated muscle around the lungs is the target of coxsackie B

34
Q

Aseptic meningitis

A

viral, not bacterial/fungal.. most rule those out.

U6 micro (6 decks)

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