Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 - primary care + medicine > ENT (throat) > Flashcards

ENT (throat) Flashcards

1
Q

What is tonsillitis?

A

Inflammation of the tonsils (typically the palatine tonsils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the common causes of tonsillitis?

A

Mainly viral.
If bacterial then group A streptococcus (strep pyogens or strep pneumoniae)
Can also be caused by haemophilius influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis or staph aures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is waldeyer’s tonsillar ring made up of?

A

6 lymphoid tissues in the pharynx

  • adenoid
  • tubal tonsils
  • palatine tonsils
  • lingual tonsil
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does tonsillitis present?

A 
Sore throat
Fever
Pain on swallowing
On examination there is swollen, red tonsils which may have white exudate (if bacterial)
Cervical lymphadenopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the FeverPAIN score used for?

A

The probability that tonsillitis is bacterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the FeverPAIN score involve?

A 
Fever in the last 24 hrs
P - pus on tonsils
A - attended within 3 days of onset of symptoms
I - inflamed tonsils
N - no cough
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What antibiotic is first line for bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin V (phenoxymethylpenicillin) - 500mg qid (4 times a day) for 5 to 10 days.

or clarithromycin if allergy to penicillin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are some possible complications of tonsillitis?

A 
Peritonsillar abscess - quinsy
Otitis media
Scarlet fever
Rheumatic fever
Post streptococcal glomerulonephritis
Post streptococcal reactive arthritis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the symptoms of quinsy?

A

Same as tonsillitis - sore throat, painful swallowing, fever, lymphadenopathy
Sore neck
Referred ear pain
Trismus (unable to open mouth)
Change in voice (due to pharyngeal swelling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is quinsy managed?

A

Hospital admission for incision and drainage
Antibiotics (broad spec such as co-amoxiclav)
Steroids to reduce inflammation (dexamethasone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is quinsy?

A 
An abscess (a collection of pus) forms between one of your tonsils and the wall of your throat. 
Due to the spread of the bacterial infection from the tonsil to surrounding tissues.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is another name for quinsy?

A

A peritonsillar abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What bacteria most commonly cause tonsilitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogens (group A)
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilius influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What bacteria most commonly cause tonsilitis?

A

Streptococcus pyogens (group A)
Staphylococcus aureus
Haemophilius influenza

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is glandular fever?

A

A viral infection caused by the Epstein-Barr virus that commonly causes fever, lymphadenopathy and a sore throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is another name for glandular fever?

A

Infectious mononucleosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How is glandular fever spread?

A

Saliva - kissing, sharing food utensils

Can also be spread through blood and semen (sexual contact)

18
Q

How is glandular fever managed?

A

In most it is self limiting and lasts 2-4 weeks.
Pain relief and rest.
Avoid heavy lifting and intense exercise as there is risk of splenic rupture for 1 mnth after.

19
Q

What are the symptoms of glandular fever?

A 
Mainly presents in 15-24 year olds.
Fever
Lymphadenopathy
Sore throat
Fatigue
20
Q

What are some of the serious complications of glandular fever?

A 
Chronic fatigue
Upper airways obstruction
Splenic rupture
Neutropenia
If patient is immunocomprised can lead to malignancy - e.g. Hodgkins lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancers
21
Q

What are some common causes of sore throats?

A

Tonsilitis
Acute pharyngitis
Glandular fever
Common cold

22
Q

What is glossitis?

A

Inflammation of the tongue

23
Q

How does glossitis present?

A

Red, sore and swollen tongue.

The papillae atrophy giving a smooth appearance

24
Q

What can cause glossitis?

A 
Iron deficiency anaemia
B12 deficiency
Folate deficiency
Coeliac disease
Injury
Irritant exposure
Some infections
25
Q

How is glossitis managed?

A

Treat underlying cause

Maintain good oral hygiene

26
Q

What is oral candidiasis?

A

Also known as oral thrush. When the fungus, candida, overgrows in the mouth - resulting in white spots / patches that coat the tongue.

27
Q

What can predispose someone to developing oral candidiasis?

A 
Inhaled corticosteroids - not using a spacer and rinsing mouth out properly afterwards
Antibiotics
Diabetes
Immunodeficiency
Smoking
Dental issues - poor hygiene, dentures
28
Q

How is oral candidiasis managed?

A

General advise - e.g. about oral hygiene
Miconazole oral gel - 2.5ml of gel qid (4x daily) after meals for up till 7 days after symptoms disappear
Nystatin suspension - 1 ml dropped into the mouth qid (4x daily) for 7 days
Oral fluconazole - 50mg daily for 7-14 days

29
Q

What is fluconazole?

A

An antifungal

30
Q

What is leukoplakia?

A

White patches appear in the mouth and tongue. These are not painful, can be slightly raised and will not rub away.

31
Q

What is the risk associated with leukoplakia?

A

Small risk of it developing into mouth cancer over time.

32
Q

How can leukoplakia be managed?

A

Stop smoking
Reduce alcohol intake
Good oral hygiene
Operation - surgery or laser if worried about tongue cancer

33
Q

What is geographic tongue?

A

An inflammatory condition where patches of the tongues surface lose the epithelium and papillae. This forms irregular patterns on the tongue which tends to relapse and remit (comes and goes). It commonly does not have any symptoms.

34
Q

What causes geographic tongue?

A

No known cause

35
Q

What conditions is geographic tongue associated with?

A

Stress and mental illnesses
Psoriasis
Atopy
Diabetes

36
Q

What are the complications of geographic tongue?

A

Anxiety

It is benign - no link to cancer and malignancies

37
Q

What conditions can strawberry tongue indicate?

A

Scarlet fever

Kawasaki disease

38
Q

What is black hairy tongue?

A

A temporary, harmless condition where there is decreased shedding of keratin from the tongues surface. The papillae elongate to look like hairs. Bacteria and food then cause dark pigmentation.

39
Q

What can cause black hairy tongue?

A

Dehydration
Dry mouth
Poor oral hygiene
Smoking

40
Q

How is black hairy tongue managed?

A

Adequate hydration
Gentle brushing of tongue
Stopping smoking

41
Q

What are the symptoms of black hair tongue?

A
  • black, hair like appearance of the tongue
  • dry mouth
  • metallic taste
  • bad breath
42
Q

What is xerostomia?

A

Dry mouth

Year 3 - primary care + medicine (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions