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Clinical Medicine > ENT REVIEW and TX > Flashcards

ENT REVIEW and TX Flashcards

1
Q

tx of cerumen impaction

A

detergent ear drops
irrigation
suction

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2
Q

tx of foreign body

A

removal

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3
Q

tx of pruritus

A

mineral oil
topical corticosteroid (atypical)

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4
Q

tx of acute otitis externa

A

abx ear drops: neomycin or ciprodex
fungal- clotrimazole or acetic acid

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5
Q

tx of malignant otitis externa

A

IV abx- fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)
children- cephalosporins

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6
Q

tx of adult acute otitis media

A

oral amoxicillin (amox-clav; cefuroxime)
long term abx prophylaxis (sulfa or amox)
tympanostomy

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7
Q

tx of child acute otitis media

A

oral amoxicillin (amox-clav; cephalosporins)

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8
Q

abx length for AOM in children

A

10 days- <2yrs or severe symptoms
7 days- 2-5 yrs
5-7 days- 6+ yrs

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9
Q

tx for chronic otitis media

A

topical otic abx- ofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (w/ dexa)
systemic abx- ciprofloxacin
tympanostomy, mastoidectomy

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10
Q

tx for otitis media with effusion

A

watchful waiting
autoinflation
surgery (tympanostomy)

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11
Q

tx for cholesteatoma

A

mastoidectomy
abx steroid drops to reduce inflammation

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12
Q

tx for mastoiditis

A

IV abx- cefazolin
myringotomy
mastoidectomy

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13
Q

tx for eustachian tube dysfunction

A

viral- decongestants- pseudoephedrine or oxymetazoline
allergic- intranasal corticosteroids: beclomethason diproprionate)

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14
Q

tx of barotrauma

A

pop ears frequently
OTC decongestants- pseudoephedrine
topical decongestants- phenylephrine or oxymetazoline spray

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15
Q

tx for inner ear fistula

A

BR w/ HOB elevation and stool softeners
oral corticosteroids

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16
Q

tx for otosclerosis

A

hearing aid
stapedectomy

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17
Q

tx for sudden SNHL

A

corticosteroids

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18
Q

tx for vestibular schwannoma

A

surgery
monitoring
radiation

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19
Q

tx for BPPV

A

Epley maneuver

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20
Q

tx for meniere’s disease

A

low salt diet, diuretics (acetazolamide)
intratympanic corticosteroids
vestibular ablation

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21
Q

tx for labyrinthitis

A

acute attacks- valium or meclizine
abx if signs of infection
oral corticosteroids

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22
Q

tx for vestibular neuronitis

A

acute attacks- valium or meclizine

23
Q

tx for TMJ

A

NSAIDs
muscle relaxers, neuropathic pain meds (TCAs or gabapentin), corticosteroids, CBT, PT

24
Q

tx for viral rhinosinusitis

A

supportive care- rest, hydration, OTC analgesics and decongestants (pseudoephedrine), nasal sprays

25
Q

tx for bacterial rhinosinusitis

A

NSAIDs, saline washes, decongestants (pesudoephedrine or oxymetazoline), corticosteroids (mometasone furoate)

26
Q

tx for bacterial rhinosinusitis lasting longer than 10 days or with severe symptoms

A

amoxicillin-clavulantate
doxycycline or clindamycin with cephalosporins for pt’s allergic to PCN

27
Q

tx for allergic rhinitis

A

corticosteroids (beclomethasone)
antihistamines (loratadine)
nasal spray
anti-leukotrienes (montelukast)
anti-cholinergics

28
Q

tx for vasomotor rhinitis

A

intranasal anticholinergics
steroid spray

29
Q

tx for rhinitis medicamentosa

A

topical intranasal corticosteroids (flunisolide)
intranasal anticholinergic (iproatropium)
oral prednisone

30
Q

tx of anterior epistaxis

A

hold pressure for 15 min sitting forward, topical nasal decongestants (phenylephrine or oxymetazoline)

31
Q

tx of posterior epistaxis

A

posterior packing, admit to hospital, abx recommended

32
Q

tx for nasal polyps

A

intranasal corticosteroids

33
Q

tx of leukoplakia

A

cessation of irritants

34
Q

tx of erythroplakia

A

complete excision depending on biopsy

35
Q

tx of lichen planus

A

topical corticosteroid

36
Q

tx of hairy leukoplakia

A

acyclovir, valacyclovir, famciclovir

37
Q

tx of oral candidasis

A

topical antifungal- clotrimazole lozenges, nystatin mouth rinses
systemic antifungals- oral fluconazole

38
Q

tx of aphthous ulcer

A

avoid irritants
topical corticosteroids in adhesive base
topical analgesics

39
Q

tx of HSV

A

acyclovir (oral or topical), valacyclovir, famciclovir, pain management, hydration

40
Q

tx of glossitis

A

treat underlying cause

41
Q

tx of glossodynia

A

alpha lipoic acid

42
Q

tx of pharyngitis/ tonsillitis

A

oral abx- penicillin V potassium or cefuroxime axetil
erythromycin or cephalosporins
viral tx- NSAIDs, anesthetics, lozenges

43
Q

tx of peritonsillar abscess

A

parenteral abx- amox, amox-sulbactam, clindamycin
oral abx- amox, amox-clav, clindamycin
needle aspiration, I&D, tonsillectomy

44
Q

tx of epiglottitis

A

IV abx- cefizoxime, dexamethasone
corticosteroids
oral abx

45
Q

tx of sialdentitis

A

IV abx- nafcillin
increase salivary flow- hydration, warm compress, lemon drops, massage
oral abx for less severe cases
I&D

46
Q

tx of sialolithiasis

A

removal of stone

47
Q

tx of laryngitis

A

rest voice, hydration, humidifier
erythromycin or corticosteroids for special cases

48
Q

tx for Ludwig’s Angina

A

secure airway
IV Abx- penicillin and metronidazole; ampicillin-sulbactum; clindamycin, some cephalosporins

49
Q

tx of deep neck infections

A

secure airway
IV abx
I&D

50
Q

tx of hereditary angioedema

A

C1 inhibitor concentrate or fresh frozen plasma

51
Q

tx of bradykinin-mediated angioedema

A

icatibant or ecallantide

52
Q

tx of ACE-1 induced angioedema

A

stop ACE-1
airway management
tranexamic acid, icatibant, C1 esterase inhibitor

53
Q

tx for dental abscess

A

penicillin VK, amox-clav, clindamycin, ampicillin-sulb
root canal
extraction

54
Q

tx of geographic tongue

A

most do not require tx
topical steroids
zinc, B12, niacin, riboflavin
antihistamine mouth rinses
topica anesthetic rinses
tarcolimus ointment

Clinical Medicine (2 decks)

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