ENT Review Flashcards
Acute sinusitis is most commonly caused by which two pathogens?
Strep pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae.
Oral herpes is best treated with systemic or topical antivirals?
Topical is the first line. Systemic antivirals will help but are only indicated for severe cases.
A patient presents with several episodes of vertigo over the past several weeks. He has had intermittent unilateral hearing loss and a “blowing” in his ears. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Meniere’s disease
White oral lesion which cannot be scraped of should make you think of what diagnosis?
Oral leukoplakia
What type of hearing loss is associated with aging?
Sensory
Which is the most commonly affected sinus in acute sinusitis?
Maxillary
A patient presents with a hot potato or muffled voice. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Peritonsillar abscess
What time frame are we talking about for chronic sinusitis?
> 3 months
List the time of year when each of the following allergens is most prominent: pollen, grass, mold and ragweed.
Pollen tree and flower = spring, grasses are the summer, mold and ragweed are fall.
How long should pressure be applied to treat epistaxis?
15 minutes
List the four things that suggest group A beta hemolytic strep in a patient with pharyngitis.
Fever, tender anterior cervical adenopathy, no cough and an exudate in the throat.
A child presenting with an erythematous sandpaper rash should make you think of what diagnosis?
Scarlet fever
In a patient with sensorineural hearing loss what will be the results of the Weber test?
Patient will hear the sound louder in the unaffected ear.
List four complications of untreated strep throat.
Scarlet fever, glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever and local abscess.
A patient presents with round ulcer in her mouth that is yellow-grey with a red halo. It is on the buccal mucosa and it is painful. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Aphthous ulcers
A patient presents drooling, with stridor and in tripod position. What is the diagnosis and how do you treat it?
You treat epiglottitis with a second or third generation cephalosporin like cefuroxime or ceftriaxone.
White oral lesions which can be scraped off leaving punctate bleeding should make you think of what diagnosis?
Oral candida
What are three possible treatments for peritonsillar abscess?
Needle aspiration, I&D and tonsillectomy.
What virus causes mumps?
Paramyxovirus
How do you treat allergic rhinitis?
Intranasal corticosteroid and antihistamines.
What is the treatment of choice for strep throat?
Penicllin, amoxicillin, erythromycin
A Patient presents with unilateral hearing loss and a decrease in speech discrimination. She has also had difficulty with balance over the past week. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Acoustic neuroma
Acute swelling and pain in the cheek that increases at meals. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Sialadenitis (salivary gland infection) - Staph aureus.
When is watchful waiting with a diagnosis of acoustic neuroma an apropriate plan?
This tumor is very slow growing. Watching a small tumor in an elderly patient is apropriate treatment.
What type of hearing loss would be caused by cerumen impaction?
Conductive
How do you administer the Weber hearing test?
Tuning fork placed in the middle of the forehead.
A 14 year old field hockey player presents with prominent adenopathy, white purple exudates in the throat and a palpable spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Mononucleosis
How do you administer the Rinne hearing test?
Place the tuning fork on the mastoid and then move it next to the ear.
Describe the result of a Weber hearing test in a patient with conductive hearing loss.
Patient will report the sound louder in the affected ear.
An x-ray of the skull reveals coalescence of mastoid air cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Mastoiditis
After 7 days of sinusitis what antibiotic would you start?
Amoxicillin or bactrim
A 45 year old female complains of feeling the ground rolling under her feet at times. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Vertigo
A pateint with a history of smoking presents with a new onset hoarsness. This has been persistant for the past two weeks. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
A patient presents with acute onset of continuous severe vertigo for the past five days. He does have a history of URI 2 weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Labrynthitis
What does Kiesselbach’s plexus refer to?
A group of vein’s in the anterior nose which bleed a lot.
Small grouped vesicles on the vermillion border should make you think of what diagnosis?
Herpes
