ENT Review

Question 1

Acute sinusitis is most commonly caused by which two pathogens?

Answer 1

Strep pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae.

Question 2

Oral herpes is best treated with systemic or topical antivirals?

Answer 2

Topical is the first line. Systemic antivirals will help but are only indicated for severe cases.

Question 3

A patient presents with several episodes of vertigo over the past several weeks. He has had intermittent unilateral hearing loss and a “blowing” in his ears. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 3

Meniere’s disease

Question 4

White oral lesion which cannot be scraped of should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 4

Oral leukoplakia

Question 5

What type of hearing loss is associated with aging?

Answer 5

Sensory

Question 6

Which is the most commonly affected sinus in acute sinusitis?

Answer 6

Maxillary

Question 7

A patient presents with a hot potato or muffled voice. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 7

Peritonsillar abscess

Question 8

What time frame are we talking about for chronic sinusitis?

Answer 8

> 3 months

Question 9

List the time of year when each of the following allergens is most prominent: pollen, grass, mold and ragweed.

Answer 9

Pollen tree and flower = spring, grasses are the summer, mold and ragweed are fall.

Question 10

How long should pressure be applied to treat epistaxis?

Answer 10

15 minutes

Question 11

List the four things that suggest group A beta hemolytic strep in a patient with pharyngitis.

Answer 11

Fever, tender anterior cervical adenopathy, no cough and an exudate in the throat.

Question 12

A child presenting with an erythematous sandpaper rash should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 12

Scarlet fever

Question 13

In a patient with sensorineural hearing loss what will be the results of the Weber test?

Answer 13

Patient will hear the sound louder in the unaffected ear.

Question 14

List four complications of untreated strep throat.

Answer 14

Scarlet fever, glomerulonephritis, rheumatic fever and local abscess.

Question 15

A patient presents with round ulcer in her mouth that is yellow-grey with a red halo. It is on the buccal mucosa and it is painful. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 15

Aphthous ulcers

Question 16

A patient presents drooling, with stridor and in tripod position. What is the diagnosis and how do you treat it?

Answer 16

You treat epiglottitis with a second or third generation cephalosporin like cefuroxime or ceftriaxone.

Question 17

White oral lesions which can be scraped off leaving punctate bleeding should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 17

Oral candida

Question 18

What are three possible treatments for peritonsillar abscess?

Answer 18

Needle aspiration, I&D and tonsillectomy.

Question 19

What virus causes mumps?

Answer 19

Paramyxovirus

Question 20

How do you treat allergic rhinitis?

Answer 20

Intranasal corticosteroid and antihistamines.

Question 21

What is the treatment of choice for strep throat?

Answer 21

Penicllin, amoxicillin, erythromycin

Question 22

A Patient presents with unilateral hearing loss and a decrease in speech discrimination. She has also had difficulty with balance over the past week. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 22

Acoustic neuroma

Question 23

Acute swelling and pain in the cheek that increases at meals. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 23

Sialadenitis (salivary gland infection) - Staph aureus.

Question 24

When is watchful waiting with a diagnosis of acoustic neuroma an apropriate plan?

Answer 24

This tumor is very slow growing. Watching a small tumor in an elderly patient is apropriate treatment.

Question 25

What type of hearing loss would be caused by cerumen impaction?

Answer 25

Conductive

Question 26

How do you administer the Weber hearing test?

Answer 26

Tuning fork placed in the middle of the forehead.

Question 27

A 14 year old field hockey player presents with prominent adenopathy, white purple exudates in the throat and a palpable spleen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 27

Mononucleosis

Question 28

How do you administer the Rinne hearing test?

Answer 28

Place the tuning fork on the mastoid and then move it next to the ear.

Question 29

Describe the result of a Weber hearing test in a patient with conductive hearing loss.

Answer 29

Patient will report the sound louder in the affected ear.

Question 30

An x-ray of the skull reveals coalescence of mastoid air cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 30

Mastoiditis

Question 31

After 7 days of sinusitis what antibiotic would you start?

Answer 31

Amoxicillin or bactrim

Question 32

A 45 year old female complains of feeling the ground rolling under her feet at times. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 32

Vertigo

Question 33

A pateint with a history of smoking presents with a new onset hoarsness. This has been persistant for the past two weeks. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 33

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

Question 34

A patient presents with acute onset of continuous severe vertigo for the past five days. He does have a history of URI 2 weeks ago. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Answer 34

Labrynthitis

Question 35

What does Kiesselbach’s plexus refer to?

Answer 35

A group of vein’s in the anterior nose which bleed a lot.

Question 36

Small grouped vesicles on the vermillion border should make you think of what diagnosis?

Answer 36

Herpes