ENT/Ophthalmology Flashcards
What is Blepharitis
Inflammation of both eyelids
Common in patients with Down’s Syndrome and Eczema
Sx of Blepharitis
Eye irrtation/itching
Burning, erythema with crusting, scaling, red-rimming of eyelid and eyelash flaking
Tx of Blepharitis
Anterior: Eyelid hygiene: warm compresses, eyelid scrubbing, baby shampoo
Posterior: Eyelid massage/expression of Meibomian gland regularly
What is a Hordeolum (Stye)
Local abscess of eyelid margin
What is the most common pathogen in Hordeolum
Staph. Aureus
Sx of Hordeolum
Focal Abscess: Painful, warm, swollen red lump on eyelid
Tx of Hordeolum
Warm Compresses, Topical Abx (Erythromycin, Bacitracin), I&D if no drainage after 48 hours
What is a Chalazion
Painless granuloma of internal meibomian sebaceous gland
Leads to focal eyelid swelling
Sx of Chalazion
Hard, non-tender eyelid swelling on conjunctival surface of eyelid
Tx of Chalazion
Eyelid Hygiene, Warm Compresses
What is Dacrocystitis
Infection of the lacrimal gland
What are the common pathogens associated with Dacrocystitis
S. Aureus, GABHS, S. Epidermis, H.Flue, S. Pneumoniae
Sx of Dacrocystitis
Tenderness, edema and redness to nasal side of lower lid
Tx of Dacrocystitis
Oral abx: Clindamycin + 3rd Gen Cephalosporin
What is a Pterygium
Elevated, superficial fleshy, triangle shaped growing fibrovascular mass on the nasal side of the eye and extends laterally
Associated with increased UV exposure in sunny climates, sand, wind, dust
Tx ot Pterygium
Observation in most cases (Artificial tears), Removal if growth affects vision
What is a Pinguecula
Yellow, Elevated nodule on nasal side of eye
It does not grow
What is an Orbital Floor “blowout” Fracture
Fractures to the orbital floor (maxillary, zygomatic, palatine)
Sx of Orbital Floor Fracture
Decreased visual acuity, Enophthalmos (sunken eye)
Diplopia especially with upward gaze
Orbital Emphysema
Epistaxis, Dyesthesias, Hyperalgesia
Dx of Orbital Floor Fracture
CT Scan
Tx of Orbital Floor Fracture
Nasal Decongestants Avoid blowing nose Prednisone Abx (Unasyn or Clindamycin) Surgical Repair
What is a Globe Rupture
The outer membranes of eye disrupted by blunt or penetrating trauma
This is an emergency
Sx of Globe Rupture
Ocular Pain, Diplopia
Misshaped eye with prolapse of ocular tissue from sclera or corneal opening
Enophthalmos (sunken eye), Severe conjunctival hemorrhage
Teardrop or irregularly shaped pupil
Tx of Globe Rupture
Rigid Eye Shield, Immediate Ophtho Consult