ENT Lab

Question 1

What should the outer portion of the ear look like?

inner?

Answer 1

• hairy
• cerumen glands

-surrounded by bone, lined by thin, hairless skin

Question 2

When examining an adult TM, what way do you pull to straighten the ear canal?

Answer 2

-up, out, posterior

Question 3

When enacting a child TM, what way do you pull the straighten their ear canal?

Answer 3

-down, out, posterior

Question 4

What does a normal tympanic membrane look like?

Answer 4

translucent and pearly

Question 5

Where does the chordates tympani run posterior to the TM?

Answer 5

-superior part near pars flaccida

Question 6

Where does the cone of light fan down & anterior from?

Answer 6

the umbo

Question 7

What is conductive hearing loss?

Answer 7

-external or middle ear problem

Question 8

What is sensorineural hearing loss?

Answer 8

• inner ear, cochlear nerve ot central brain connections

Question 9

Describe the Whisper test

Answer 9

• doctor behind patient
• patient close one ear
• doctor exhales fully and whispers combo of number and letters
• patient repeats the sequence
• repeat with different sequence if answers incorrectly

Question 10

What is an abnormal vs normal whisper test result?

Answer 10

• normal : patient correctly repeats the sequence or after 2 sequences can identify 3/6
• abnormal : incorrectly identifies 4/6

Question 11

What does the Weber test access for?

Answer 11

tests for lateralization

Question 12

What his the purpose of the Ring test and when would you use it?

Answer 12

• compares bone and air conduction

- done if patient fails weber test

Question 13

Describe the Weber test

Answer 13

-vibrating tuning fork placed over patients head or on middle of forehead

Question 14

Whats a normal vs abnormal Weber test ?

Answer 14

normal = lateralizes to both ears equally

abnormal = sound lateralizes to one ear (conduction ot sensorineural in opposite ear)

Question 15

Describe the Rinne Test

Answer 15

• place vibrating tuning fork on mastoid process level with ear canal
• when patient no longer hears the sound quickly place fork close to ear canal and inquire if they can hear the sound and for how long

Question 16

Whats a normal Rinne test?

Answer 16

AC > BC

Question 17

If Weber was abnormal and Rinne normal, what should you expect?

Answer 17

sensorineural in opposite ear

Question 18

What is an abnormal Rinne test?

Answer 18

if AC=BC or BC > AC

-conductive loss to that ear

Question 19

Conductive loss will localize to what ear?

Answer 19

• localizes to affected ear

AIR conduction is affected due to the outer ear structures

Question 20

Sensorineural loss localizes to that ear?

Answer 20

-opposite ear

affected ear not receiving sound from bone conduction

Question 21

What structures should you visualize on the external nose?

Answer 21

• ala nasi
• columella
• vestibule
• bridge

Question 22

What are internal landmarks of the nose to visualize?

Answer 22

• septum
• vestibule (anterior part of nose)
• turbinates

Question 23

What will the nasal mucosa look like in…..

viral rhinitis?
allergies?
septal perforation?

Answer 23

• red,edema
• pale,bluish or red
• cocaine, meth, trauma, surgery

Question 24

What are the 10 different lymph node locations in the head and neck?

Answer 24

1. preauricular
2. posterior auricular
3. Occipital
4. tonsillar
5. submandibular
6. submental
7. superficial cervical
8. posterior cervical
9. deep cervical chain
10. supraclavicular

Question 25

What is a normal vs abnormal

size ; shape ; consistency ; tenderness ; mobility ; overlying skin of LN?

Answer 25

size : pea sized vs large
shape : round/regular vs irregular
consistency : spongy vs hard
tenderness : non vs tender
mobility : mobile vs fixed
skin : baseline vs red,earm,edamatous

Question 26

When do children develop frontal sinuses?

Answer 26

after 7 years of age

Question 27

What is a soft philtrum and thin vermillion border indicative of?

Answer 27

fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 28

What is the soft palate controlled by?

Answer 28

-CN 9 and 10

Question 29

What happens to the uvula is there is paralysis to CN 9 or 10?

Answer 29

-uvula deviates to the opposite side and soft palate does not raise with saying “ah”