ENT DSA II Checkpoint Flashcards
- While most URT viral infections are self-limiting, complications can occur. Which type of infections frequent occur as a complication of a URT viral infection, especially in at-risk groups?
o pneumonia
- Which two viruses most frequently cause the common cold?
o Rhinovirus or coronavirus
- Which groups of adults are frequently at risk for URT infections/complications?
o Severe lung disease—cystic fibrosis, COPD, or chronic asthma
- Which receptors do rhinoviruses use to enter cells?
o ICAM-1 or low density lipoprotein receptor family members (LDHR)
- Why are infections with rhinoviruses recurrent, sometime multiple times a year?
o So many different serotypes
- Which virus caused both SARS and MERS?
o coronavirus
- Which structural trait gives coronaviruses their name?
o Spike glycoproteins looks like a crown
- In addition to URT infections, which other illnesses do adenoviruses cause?
o Gastroenteritis, conjunctivitis, cystitis, hepatitis, neurological disease
- Which virus is the most common cause of croup?
o Parainfluenza virus
- Which diseases are most commonly associated with PIV types 1-4?
o 1- croup children infants (also can cause pharyngitis and tracheobronchitis); mostly fall
o 2- similar to PIV-1 less frequency; mostly fall
o 3- severe lower resp infection children and infants: children under 1 yr common cause bronchitis, pneumonia, sometimes croup, any season
o 4- rarest of all, moderate URI
- What is the most common clinical manifestation of mumps virus?
o Severe swelling of parotid glands
- What are some of the uncommon complications of mumps?
o Orchitis, aseptic meningitis, and encephalitis
- Assuming a lack of parotitis, how can a mumps diagnosis be confirmed?
o Positive IgM mumps antibody detection
o Significant rise in IgG titers (3-4X) between acute and convalescent specimens
o Isolation of mumps virus or nucleic acid from a clinical specimen (RT-PCR)
