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ENT > ENT BM3 > Flashcards

ENT BM3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key step in controlling epistaxis?

a. Nasal packing
b. Apply nasal pressure for 20 minutes
c. ESPAL
d. Find the site of bleeding

A

d. Find the site of bleeding

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2
Q

While doing total thyroidectomy, profuse bleeding was noted while ligating the superior thyroid artery. Postoperatively, the px noted change in vocal pitch. What laryngeal muscle is affected?

a. Posterior cricoarytenoid
b. Aryepiglottic
c. Cricothyroid
d. Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

c. Cricothyroid

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3
Q

Px JR presented with severe headache. Cranial CT scan was done which revealed a nonenhancing mass in the right sphenoid sinus. She underwent endoscopic biopsy of the sphenoid sinus mass. During the procedure, the lateral border of the sphenoid sinus was accidentally punctured. Profuse bleeding was noted. What vessel was accidentally nicked?

a. Ethmoid artery
b. Sphenoid artery
c. Ophthalmic artery
d. Internal carotid artery

A

d. Internal carotid artery

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4
Q

What causes liquefactive necrosis in caustic ingestion?

a. Acid
b. Alkali
c. Neutral solution
d. Base

A

b. Alkali

coagulative-aCid

Liquefactive-aLkaLi

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5
Q

What turbinate is part of the lateral wall of the maxilla?

a. Supreme turbinate
b. Superior turbinate
c. Inferior turbinate
d. Middle turbinate

A

c. Inferior turbinate
???

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6
Q

Px GM, 35 years old, presented with epistaxis. Nasal endoscopy was done and the site of bleeding was noted to be located posterior to the piriform aperture. What is the most common origin of the epistaxis?

a. Septum
b. Ethmoid Crest
c. Middle Turbinate
d. Kiesselbach

A

a. Septum
?

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7
Q

What cavity is bounded anteriorly and laterally by the alveolar ridge and teeth, superiorly by the hard and soft palate, and posteriorly by the faucial isthmus?

a. Oral cavity
b. Oropharynx
c. Nasopharynx
d. Hypopharynx

A

a. Oral cavity

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8
Q

The following is true except

a. The oral cavity is anterior to the free margin of the soft palate, the anterior tonsillar pillar and base of tongue
b. The nasopharynx extends from the base of the skull to the level of the soft palate.
c. The oropharynx extends from this level to the level of the epiglottis, while below this line is the laryngopharynx or hypopharynx
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

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9
Q

6Px LT presented with nasal congestion, itchiness and frequent sneezing during weekends for 4 consecutive weeks. His condition was associated with sleep disturbance. His siblings are asthmatic. What do you call the predisposition to respond to environmental allergens with the production of specific IgE antibodies?

a. Airway hyperresponsiveness
b. Allergic rhinitis
c. ARIA
d. Atopy

A

d. Atopy

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10
Q

What intranasal artery connects the internal carotid artery to the branch of external carotid artery?

a. Sphenopalatine artery
b. Posterior ethmoid artery
c. Vidian artery
d. Anterior ethmoid artery

A

c. Vidian artery

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11
Q

This represents the most common premalignant oral mucosa lesion.

a. Mucocele
b. Erythroplakia
c. Oral thrush
d. Leukoplakia

A

d. Leukoplakia

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12
Q

It is a lateral bony wall that separates the ethmoid air cells from the orbit.

a. Basal lamella
b. Ground lamella
c. Lamina Papyracea
d. Uncinate

A

c. Lamina Papyracea

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13
Q

What is the treatment for foreign body ingestion?

a. Watchful waiting
b. Induced vomiting
c. Bronchoscopy
d. Rigid esophagoscopy

A

d. Rigid esophagoscopy

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of epistaxis?

a. Trauma
b. Rhinosinusitis
c. Idiopathic
d. Hypertension

A

c. Idiopathic

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15
Q

What causes coagulative necrosis in caustic ingestion?

a. Acid
b. Base
c. Alkali
d. Neutral solution

A

a. Acid

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16
Q

A 15-year old male patient was brought to the emergency room due to epistaxis. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed a smooth, hypervascularized lesion originating from the middle turbinate. What is your primary consideration?

a. Inverting papilloma
b. Antrochoanal polyp
c. Angiofibroma
d. Nasal polyp

A

c. Angiofibroma

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17
Q

The following are subunits of the oral cavity except

a. Oral tongue
b. Soft palate
c. Lip
d. Retromolar trigone

A

b. Soft palate

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18
Q

These are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue except

a. Styloglossus
b. Hyoglossus
c. Myloglossus
d. Genioglossus

A

c. Myloglossus

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19
Q

Which of the following is true?

a. Stenson’s duct opens lateral to the 3rd molar
b. Parotid duct is also called Wharton’s duct
c. Rivinus duct opens adjacent to the lingual frenulum
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

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20
Q

The voluntary phase of swallowing includes which of the following components

a. Laryngeal elevation
b. Cricopharyngeal muscle relaxation
c. Tongue elevation
d. Velopharyngeal closure

A

c. Tongue elevation

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21
Q

What cavity is bounded anteriorly and laterally by the alveolar ridge and teeth, superiorly by the hard and soft palate, and posteriorly by the faucial isthmus?

a. Oropharynx
b. Nasopharynx
c. Oral Cavity
d. Hypopharynx

A

Oropharynx

22
Q

The following structures are seen during examination of the oral cavity except

a. Buccal sulcus
b. Arytenoid
c. Anterior tonsillar pillar
d. Retromoral trigone

A

b. Arytenoid

23
Q

The following structures are seen during indirect laryngoscopy except

a. Vocal cord
b. Anterior commissure
c. Buccal sulcus
d. Epiglottis

A

c. Buccal sulcus

24
Q

What is the blood supply of the cervical esophagus

a. Transverse cervical artery
b. Horizontal cervical artery
c. Superior esophageal artery
d. Inferior thyroid artery

A

d. Inferior thyroid artery

25
Q

The esophagus lacks this layer
a. Mucosa
b. Lamina propria
c. Serosa
d. Submucosa

A

c. Serosa

26
Q

What is the most common virally induced oropharyngeal ulcerative conditions?

a. HPV
b. HSV
c. EBV
d. HHV

A

d. HHV

27
Q

What is the most common cause of pharyngitis in adults?

a. Adenovirus
b. Rhinovirus
c. Coronavirus
d. GABHS

A

b. Rhinovirus

28
Q

Patient DG presented with fever, malaise and sore throat. On PE: exudative pharyngitis with erythema and tonsillar hypertrophy, and cervical lymphadenopathy. What is the diagnosis?

a. Peritonsillar abscess
b. Acute pharyngitis
c. Diphtheria
d. Infectious mononucleosis

A

d. Infectious mononucleosis

29
Q

What antibiotic causes maculopapular rash in patients with EBV?

a. Azithromycin
b. Clindamycin
c. Streptomycin
d. Amoxicillin

A

d. Amoxicillin

30
Q

The following are the natural reservoir of the GABHS except

a. Hypopharynx
b. Oropharynx
c. Skin
d. Nasopharynx

A

a. Hypopharynx

31
Q

In foreign body ingestion, where does a foreign body commonly lodge?

a. Oral cavity
b. Nasopharynx
c. Oropharynx
d. Hypopharynx

A

d. Hypopharynx

32
Q

Px LT sought consult due to hoarseness for 10 months. Past medical history revealed the following: on his 3rd month of PTB treatment, non smoker. Indirect laryngoscopy was done which revealed left vocal cord paralysis. What structure is the chief moving part of the larynx?

a. True vocal cords
b. Arytenoid
c. Cricoid cartilage
d. False vocal cords

A

b. Arytenoid

33
Q

Px LT sought consult due to hoarseness for 10 months. Past medical history revealed the following: on his 3rd month of PTB treatment, non smoker. Indirect laryngoscopy was done which revealed left vocal cord paralysis.

What nerve is affected in the above case?

a. Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve
b. Superior laryngeal nerve
c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
d. External branch of the inferior laryngeal nerve

A

c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve

34
Q

The following are the mechanism to prevent aspiration during swallowing except:

a. Aryepiglottic folds contract
b. Epiglottis moves down and back
c. True and false vocal folds close tightly
d. Larynx moves up and backward, out of the path of the food bolus

A

d. Larynx moves up and backward, out of the path of the food bolus

35
Q

It is the induction of vibration in the rest of the vocal tract to modulate output

a. Rhythm
b. Articulation
c. Phonation
d. Resonance

A

d. Resonance

36
Q

What layer of the vocal cord is composed predominantly of collagen fibers?

Intermediate layer
Deep layer
Superficial layer
Reinke’s space

A

Deep layer

37
Q

An intranasal mass suspected to have a viral etiology.

Antrochoanal Polyp
Inverting papilloma
Angiofibroma
Nasal Polyp

A

Inverting papilloma

38
Q

Px LT presented with nasal congestion, itchiness and frequent sneezing during weekends for 4 consecutive weeks. His condition was not associated with sleep disturbance. His siblings are asthmatic.

What is the ARIA classification and severity of Px LT

Persistent, Moderate to Severe
Intermittent, Moderate to Severe
Persistent, Mild
Intermittent, Mild

A

Intermittent, Mild

39
Q

What is the treatment for Px LT according to ARIA Guidelines?

Immunotherapy
Oral Decongestant + Intranasal Steroids
Intranasal Corticosteroids
Oral H1 Blocker

A

Oral H1 Blocker

40
Q

The nasal cavity is bounded superiorly by what structure?

Lamina Papyracea
Sphenoid Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Cribiform Plate

A

Cribiform Plate

41
Q

What is the pattern of mucus flow of the frontal sinus?

Medial wall, roof, lateral wall, floor
Floor, lateral wall, roof, medial wall
Lateral wall, floor, frontal recess
Roof, medial wall, frontal recess

A

Medial wall, roof, lateral wall, floor

42
Q

The following sinuses drain to the superior meatus.

Sphenoid, Posterior Ethmoid
Maxillary, Frontal, Anterior Ethmoid
Frontal, Sphenoid, Anterior Ethmoid
Maxillary, Frontal, Sphenoid

A

Sphenoid, Posterior Ethmoid

43
Q

The following sinuses drain to the middle meatus.

Sphenoid, Posterior Ethmoid
Maxillary, Frontal, Anterior Ethmoid
Maxillary, Frontal, Sphenoid
Frontal, Sphenoid, Anterior Ethmoid

A

Maxillary, Frontal, Anterior Ethmoid

44
Q

It is the gap between the ethmoid bulla and the free edge of the uncinate process.

Frontal Recess
Infundibulum
Hiatus semilunaris
Agger Nasi

A

Hiatus semilunaris

45
Q

It is the most anterior ethmoid air cell.

Agger Nasi cell
Uncinate
Onodi Cell
Haller Cell

A

Agger Nasi cell

46
Q

MATCHING TYPE:

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thyroarytenoid
Vocal Ligament
Elastin and Collagen
Collagen Fiber
Elastin

Deep Layer

A

Collagen Fiber

47
Q

MATCHING TYPE:

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thyroarytenoid
Vocal Ligament
Elastin and Collagen
Collagen Fiber
Elastin

Transition Layer

A

Vocal Ligament

48
Q

MATCHING TYPE:

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thyroarytenoid
Vocal Ligament
Elastin and Collagen
Collagen Fiber
Elastin

Body

A

Thyroarytenoid

49
Q

MATCHING TYPE:

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thyroarytenoid
Vocal Ligament
Elastin and Collagen
Collagen Fiber
Elastin

Intermediate Layer

A

Elastin

50
Q

MATCHING TYPE:

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thyroarytenoid
Vocal Ligament
Elastin and Collagen
Collagen Fiber
Elastin

Cover

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

51
Q

MATCHING TYPE:

Stratified squamous epithelium
Thyroarytenoid
Vocal Ligament
Elastin and Collagen
Collagen Fiber
Elastin

Reinke’s Space

A

Elastin and Collagen

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