ENT BM3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the key step in controlling epistaxis?

a. Nasal packing
b. Apply nasal pressure for 20 minutes
c. ESPAL
d. Find the site of bleeding

A

d. Find the site of bleeding

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2
Q

While doing total thyroidectomy, profuse bleeding was noted while ligating the superior thyroid artery. Postoperatively, the px noted change in vocal pitch. What laryngeal muscle is affected?

a. Posterior cricoarytenoid
b. Aryepiglottic
c. Cricothyroid
d. Lateral cricoarytenoid

A

c. Cricothyroid

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3
Q

Px JR presented with severe headache. Cranial CT scan was done which revealed a nonenhancing mass in the right sphenoid sinus. She underwent endoscopic biopsy of the sphenoid sinus mass. During the procedure, the lateral border of the sphenoid sinus was accidentally punctured. Profuse bleeding was noted. What vessel was accidentally nicked?

a. Ethmoid artery
b. Sphenoid artery
c. Ophthalmic artery
d. Internal carotid artery

A

d. Internal carotid artery

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4
Q

What causes liquefactive necrosis in caustic ingestion?

a. Acid
b. Alkali
c. Neutral solution
d. Base

A

b. Alkali

coagulative-aCid

Liquefactive-aLkaLi

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5
Q

What turbinate is part of the lateral wall of the maxilla?

a. Supreme turbinate
b. Superior turbinate
c. Inferior turbinate
d. Middle turbinate

A

c. Inferior turbinate
???

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6
Q

Px GM, 35 years old, presented with epistaxis. Nasal endoscopy was done and the site of bleeding was noted to be located posterior to the piriform aperture. What is the most common origin of the epistaxis?

a. Septum
b. Ethmoid Crest
c. Middle Turbinate
d. Kiesselbach

A

a. Septum
?

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7
Q

What cavity is bounded anteriorly and laterally by the alveolar ridge and teeth, superiorly by the hard and soft palate, and posteriorly by the faucial isthmus?

a. Oral cavity
b. Oropharynx
c. Nasopharynx
d. Hypopharynx

A

a. Oral cavity

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8
Q

The following is true except

a. The oral cavity is anterior to the free margin of the soft palate, the anterior tonsillar pillar and base of tongue
b. The nasopharynx extends from the base of the skull to the level of the soft palate.
c. The oropharynx extends from this level to the level of the epiglottis, while below this line is the laryngopharynx or hypopharynx
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

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9
Q

6Px LT presented with nasal congestion, itchiness and frequent sneezing during weekends for 4 consecutive weeks. His condition was associated with sleep disturbance. His siblings are asthmatic. What do you call the predisposition to respond to environmental allergens with the production of specific IgE antibodies?

a. Airway hyperresponsiveness
b. Allergic rhinitis
c. ARIA
d. Atopy

A

d. Atopy

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10
Q

What intranasal artery connects the internal carotid artery to the branch of external carotid artery?

a. Sphenopalatine artery
b. Posterior ethmoid artery
c. Vidian artery
d. Anterior ethmoid artery

A

c. Vidian artery

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11
Q

This represents the most common premalignant oral mucosa lesion.

a. Mucocele
b. Erythroplakia
c. Oral thrush
d. Leukoplakia

A

d. Leukoplakia

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12
Q

It is a lateral bony wall that separates the ethmoid air cells from the orbit.

a. Basal lamella
b. Ground lamella
c. Lamina Papyracea
d. Uncinate

A

c. Lamina Papyracea

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13
Q

What is the treatment for foreign body ingestion?

a. Watchful waiting
b. Induced vomiting
c. Bronchoscopy
d. Rigid esophagoscopy

A

d. Rigid esophagoscopy

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14
Q

What is the most common cause of epistaxis?

a. Trauma
b. Rhinosinusitis
c. Idiopathic
d. Hypertension

A

c. Idiopathic

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15
Q

What causes coagulative necrosis in caustic ingestion?

a. Acid
b. Base
c. Alkali
d. Neutral solution

A

a. Acid

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16
Q

A 15-year old male patient was brought to the emergency room due to epistaxis. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed a smooth, hypervascularized lesion originating from the middle turbinate. What is your primary consideration?

a. Inverting papilloma
b. Antrochoanal polyp
c. Angiofibroma
d. Nasal polyp

A

c. Angiofibroma

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17
Q

The following are subunits of the oral cavity except

a. Oral tongue
b. Soft palate
c. Lip
d. Retromolar trigone

A

b. Soft palate

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18
Q

These are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue except

a. Styloglossus
b. Hyoglossus
c. Myloglossus
d. Genioglossus

A

c. Myloglossus

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19
Q

Which of the following is true?

a. Stenson’s duct opens lateral to the 3rd molar
b. Parotid duct is also called Wharton’s duct
c. Rivinus duct opens adjacent to the lingual frenulum
d. None of the above

A

d. None of the above

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20
Q

The voluntary phase of swallowing includes which of the following components

a. Laryngeal elevation
b. Cricopharyngeal muscle relaxation
c. Tongue elevation
d. Velopharyngeal closure

A

c. Tongue elevation

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21
Q

What cavity is bounded anteriorly and laterally by the alveolar ridge and teeth, superiorly by the hard and soft palate, and posteriorly by the faucial isthmus?

a. Oropharynx
b. Nasopharynx
c. Oral Cavity
d. Hypopharynx

A

Oropharynx

22
Q

The following structures are seen during examination of the oral cavity except

a. Buccal sulcus
b. Arytenoid
c. Anterior tonsillar pillar
d. Retromoral trigone

A

b. Arytenoid

23
Q

The following structures are seen during indirect laryngoscopy except

a. Vocal cord
b. Anterior commissure
c. Buccal sulcus
d. Epiglottis

A

c. Buccal sulcus

24
Q

What is the blood supply of the cervical esophagus

a. Transverse cervical artery
b. Horizontal cervical artery
c. Superior esophageal artery
d. Inferior thyroid artery

A

d. Inferior thyroid artery

25
The esophagus lacks this layer a. Mucosa b. Lamina propria c. Serosa d. Submucosa
c. Serosa
26
What is the most common virally induced oropharyngeal ulcerative conditions? a. HPV b. HSV c. EBV d. HHV
d. HHV
27
What is the most common cause of pharyngitis in adults? a. Adenovirus b. Rhinovirus c. Coronavirus d. GABHS
b. Rhinovirus
28
Patient DG presented with fever, malaise and sore throat. On PE: exudative pharyngitis with erythema and tonsillar hypertrophy, and cervical lymphadenopathy. What is the diagnosis? a. Peritonsillar abscess b. Acute pharyngitis c. Diphtheria d. Infectious mononucleosis
d. Infectious mononucleosis
29
What antibiotic causes maculopapular rash in patients with EBV? a. Azithromycin b. Clindamycin c. Streptomycin d. Amoxicillin
d. Amoxicillin
30
The following are the natural reservoir of the GABHS except a. Hypopharynx b. Oropharynx c. Skin d. Nasopharynx
a. Hypopharynx
31
In foreign body ingestion, where does a foreign body commonly lodge? a. Oral cavity b. Nasopharynx c. Oropharynx d. Hypopharynx
d. Hypopharynx
32
Px LT sought consult due to hoarseness for 10 months. Past medical history revealed the following: on his 3rd month of PTB treatment, non smoker. Indirect laryngoscopy was done which revealed left vocal cord paralysis. What structure is the chief moving part of the larynx? a. True vocal cords b. Arytenoid c. Cricoid cartilage d. False vocal cords
b. Arytenoid
33
Px LT sought consult due to hoarseness for 10 months. Past medical history revealed the following: on his 3rd month of PTB treatment, non smoker. Indirect laryngoscopy was done which revealed left vocal cord paralysis. What nerve is affected in the above case? a. Internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve b. Superior laryngeal nerve c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve d. External branch of the inferior laryngeal nerve
c. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
34
The following are the mechanism to prevent aspiration during swallowing except: a. Aryepiglottic folds contract b. Epiglottis moves down and back c. True and false vocal folds close tightly d. Larynx moves up and backward, out of the path of the food bolus
d. Larynx moves up and backward, out of the path of the food bolus
35
It is the induction of vibration in the rest of the vocal tract to modulate output a. Rhythm b. Articulation c. Phonation d. Resonance
d. Resonance
36
What layer of the vocal cord is composed predominantly of collagen fibers? Intermediate layer Deep layer Superficial layer Reinke's space
Deep layer
37
An intranasal mass suspected to have a **viral** etiology. Antrochoanal Polyp Inverting papilloma Angiofibroma Nasal Polyp
Inverting papilloma
38
Px LT presented with nasal congestion, itchiness and frequent sneezing during weekends for 4 consecutive weeks. His condition was not associated with sleep disturbance. His siblings are asthmatic. What is the ARIA classification and severity of Px LT Persistent, Moderate to Severe Intermittent, Moderate to Severe Persistent, Mild Intermittent, Mild
Intermittent, Mild
39
What is the treatment for Px LT according to ARIA Guidelines? Immunotherapy Oral Decongestant + Intranasal Steroids Intranasal Corticosteroids Oral H1 Blocker
Oral H1 Blocker
40
The nasal cavity is bounded superiorly by what structure? Lamina Papyracea Sphenoid Sinus Ethmoid Sinus Cribiform Plate
Cribiform Plate
41
What is the pattern of mucus flow of the frontal sinus? Medial wall, roof, lateral wall, floor Floor, lateral wall, roof, medial wall Lateral wall, floor, frontal recess Roof, medial wall, frontal recess
Medial wall, roof, lateral wall, floor
42
The following sinuses drain to the superior meatus. Sphenoid, Posterior Ethmoid Maxillary, Frontal, Anterior Ethmoid Frontal, Sphenoid, Anterior Ethmoid Maxillary, Frontal, Sphenoid
Sphenoid, Posterior Ethmoid
43
The following sinuses drain to the middle meatus. Sphenoid, Posterior Ethmoid Maxillary, Frontal, Anterior Ethmoid Maxillary, Frontal, Sphenoid Frontal, Sphenoid, Anterior Ethmoid
Maxillary, Frontal, Anterior Ethmoid
44
It is the gap between the ethmoid bulla and the free edge of the uncinate process. Frontal Recess Infundibulum Hiatus semilunaris Agger Nasi
Hiatus semilunaris
45
It is the most anterior ethmoid air cell. Agger Nasi cell Uncinate Onodi Cell Haller Cell
Agger Nasi cell
46
MATCHING TYPE: Stratified squamous epithelium Thyroarytenoid Vocal Ligament Elastin and Collagen Collagen Fiber Elastin **Deep Layer**
Collagen Fiber
47
MATCHING TYPE: Stratified squamous epithelium Thyroarytenoid Vocal Ligament Elastin and Collagen Collagen Fiber Elastin **Transition Layer**
Vocal Ligament
48
MATCHING TYPE: Stratified squamous epithelium Thyroarytenoid Vocal Ligament Elastin and Collagen Collagen Fiber Elastin **Body**
Thyroarytenoid
49
MATCHING TYPE: Stratified squamous epithelium Thyroarytenoid Vocal Ligament Elastin and Collagen Collagen Fiber Elastin **Intermediate Layer**
Elastin
50
MATCHING TYPE: Stratified squamous epithelium Thyroarytenoid Vocal Ligament Elastin and Collagen Collagen Fiber Elastin **Cover**
Stratified squamous epithelium
51
MATCHING TYPE: Stratified squamous epithelium Thyroarytenoid Vocal Ligament Elastin and Collagen Collagen Fiber Elastin **Reinke's Space**
Elastin and Collagen