ENT (AOM and vertigo)

Question 1

what is AOM

Answer 1

inflammation of middle ear

Question 2

clinical manifestations of AOM

Answer 2

otalgia, fever, hearing loss

Question 3

investigations of AOM

Answer 3

otoscopic examination
fullness or bulging of tympanic membrane
pneumatic otoscopy
tympanogram
acoustic reflectometry

Question 4

management of AOM

Answer 4

pain management, myringotomy, tympanocentesis, antibiotic

Question 5

what is meniere disease

Answer 5

excessive accumulation of endolymph in the membranous labyrinth

Question 6

what are the symptoms of meniere disease (4)

Answer 6

tinnitus
fluctuating hearing loss
severe vertigo and progressive hearing loss
vertigo may improve as hearing impairment worsens

Question 7

what are the signs and symptoms of vertigo (5)

Answer 7

1. nausea and vomiting
2. pallor and sweat
3. postural and gait instability (central > peripheral)
4. tinnitus, deafness, photophobia and headache (peripheral)
5. nystagmus

Question 8

diagnostic test for vertigo (4)

Answer 8

MRI, ENG, CNG and audiometry

Question 9

pathophysiology of vertigo

Answer 9

suggests an abnormality in the semicircular canal or the CNS that process signals from the semicircular canal

Question 10

vertigo peripheral differential diagnoses

Answer 10

BPPV, vascular neuritis, meniere disease, herpes zoster, labyrinthitis

Question 11

vertigo central differential diagnoses

Answer 11

brainstem ischemia, cerebellar haemorrhage and infarction, vascular migraine, MS, epileptic vertigo